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JOURNAL
OF THE
NEW YORK
ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
Hebotcti to iSntomologp in ©eneral.
Voluin^e VII, 1899.
Edited ry Wm. Beutenisiuller.
NEW YORK.
Published by the Society,
Quarterly.
1S99.
Press of Thk Nkw Era Printing company,
T/ANCASTKR, Pa.
Contents of Volume VII.
AsHMEAD, William H.,
Super-Families in the Hymenoptera and Generic Synopses of the Families Thynnida;, Myrmosidae and Mutillidse, . 45
Banks, Nathan,
The Smynthuridse of Long Island, New York, . . 193
BeutenmIjller, William,
New /African Sesiidae, . . . • • • .170
Descriptions of and Notes on some North American Lepidop- tera, 254
Casev, Thomas L.,
A Revision of the American Coccinellidae, . • -7^
COCKERELL, T. D. A.,
New Records of Coccidae, . . . . • -257
COQUILLETT, D. W.,
On the Early Stages of some California Lepidoptera, . 209 New Genera and Species of Dexidae, . . • .218
Notes and Descriptions of Trypetidse, .... 259
Davis, William T.,
Whirligig-Beetles Taking a Sun-Ba'th, . . . .222
Doane, R. W.,
Notes on Trypetidse with Descriptions of New Species, 177
DvAR, Harrison G.,
The Life-Histories of the New York Slug Caterpillars,
XVin and Conclusion, 61,234
Life-History of Diphthera fallax, ..... 67 Note on the Secondary Abdominal Legs in the Megalopyg-
idae, 69
Note on Two Hydroecia Larvae, . . . • -70
iv Contents.
Dyar, Harrison G.,
The Megalophygid Genus Trosia with Description of a New
Species, . . ■ • 173
New Species of Syntomidae,. ...... 174
Life-History of a European Skig Caterpillar, Cochlidion
avellana, . . • ■ • • • 202
A New Genus of Cochlidionidae from Virginia, . 30S
Description of the Mature Larva of Acronycta connecta, . 253
Fail. H. C,
Synopsis of the Species of Acmaeodera of America, North of Mexico, ......... I
Lander, Benjamin,
Note on the Seventeen -year Cicada, . . . .212
Morse, A. P.,
New North American Tettiginfe. — HI., .... 198
Schaus, William,
New Species of Lithosiidae from Tropical America, . .214
Smith, John B.
Notes on Scotogramma and Oncocnemis with Descriptions of New Species, ........ 37
New Noctuids and Notes, . . . . . -223
Proceedings of the New York Entomological Society, . . .176
JOURNAL
JOfId JBork Qntomologiral Horiftg.
\^ol. VII. MARCH, 1899. No. 1.
SYNOPSIS OF THE SPECIES OF ACM/EODERA OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO.
By H. C. Fall.
It is safe to say that any synopsis of coleoptera, no matter how excellent, dating back twenty years and dealing with a genus or group of any considerable magnitude, is to-day inadequate for the arrange- ment of the material in any of our larger collections. Particularly is this true if the metropolis of the group lies west of the Mississippi valley. The skilled labor of many visiting and resident collectors has brought to light in this western country hundreds of new things, which after a vain effort to fasten to existing descriptions we have relegated to empty spaces and vacant corners, until in many of our boxes all semblance of order has disappeared.
It is the object of the present paper to give to a small number of these nondescripts a local habitation and a name ; and while a com- plete revision of Acmceodera is not yet greatly needed, the discoveries in the twenty years that have elapsed since Horn's paper appeared, have been sufficiently numerous it is thought, to warrant the follow- ing notes.
Though none of our species of AcmcVodera are above medium size, they are as a rule very pretty insects, and would doubtless share the popularity of the family to which they belong, were it not for a some- what unusual amount of individual variation, which gives them the reputation of being a difficult lot to deal with. In his Notes on Bu- prestid^e,* Crotch said " — but I am entirely unable to discover any characters except the variable ones of color, sculpture and form ; so that the limits of the species appear to be merely opinionative. ' ' Five
*Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., 1873, p. 89.
2 Journal New York Entomological Society, [Voi. vii.
years later Horn in his Revision of the species of Acmaodera,^ after quoting Crotch, remarks that "possibly the following pages may show- quite to the contrary." The paper to a large extent fulfills the pre- diction, and with a few exceptions, the species prove — notwithstand- ing much variation — to be about as capable of definition as those of any other genus of like extent. The student, however, who attempts without some preparatory study to identify his specimens by means of the tables therein given, encounters several difficulties, the chief of which is the inexactness of the characters upon which the group divis- ions are based.
The tarsi in the great majority of species are said to be not longer than one-third the tibiae, but in two species — comata and alacris — they are longer than half the tibiae, and for this reason these two species are made to constitute the group Graciliformes. As a matter of fact, there is no species in our fauna with tarsi so short as described, and in only two — subbalteata and opinabilis, the latter unknown to Horn at time of writing — do they even approximate this condition ; the great majority having the tarsi distinctly longer than half the tibire. This error, however, need cause little confusion, as alacris and comata are very peculiar species, separable quite as well by other characters.
The interpretation of the form of the anterior margin of the pro- sternum, upon which the larger groups are based may prove more difficult. Judging both from the figures and description, this primary division should be accomplished with ease and certainty, but it must be remembered that these figures are only conventional diagrams rep- resenting typical forms which are more or less completely connected by intermediates. The " Emarginata^ " while not the largest, maybe regarded as a central group, characterized by the prosternum in front, being nearly straight or feebly emarginate from side to side and dis- tinctly retracted so as to meet the flanks at some distance behind the front angles. In most species assigned to this group however, the margin is faintly trisinuate and occasionally the prominence on either side of the middle becomes so w^ell marked as to create a doubt as to whether the form in question should be referred to this or to the Sinuatae group. If the front margin is less retracted than usual, ap- proach is made to the Truncatai, where it often happens that the sides of the prosternum more or less obviously fail to reach the front angles.
I Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, 1878, p. 2.
Mar. 1899.] Fall: On American Species of Acma:odeka. 3
Notwithstanding tliat the form of the prosternuni is thus in some measure unsatisfactory as a point of departure, a better has yet to be found and I shall continue the division into groups substantially as proposed by Horn, calling attention in the proper place to the am- biguous forms.
That modification of the last ventral segment variouslv described as the apical ridge, plate, crest or carina, is certainly of exceptional value in specific characterization. It may be thick or thin, broadly or narrowly rounded, truncate or angulate, with regular or irregular edge, but I have never in the hundreds of specimens examined discovered any variation in type within specific limits. It does vary somewhat in development in certain species and very rarely to such a degree as to be either well developed or quite lacking in the same species. This fact together with its apparent lack of coordination with other features of structure or facies, render it unfit for a means of primary division, though it was thus made use of by Leconte for the sixteen species treated in his revision of 1859.
Further experience shows that the yellow spot at the side of the thorax is much less constant than was supposed by Horn, there being at least nine species in which it may be either. present or absent. Ex- ternal sexual characters seem to be almost lacking. The last ventral segment in the males of certain species has been observed to be shorter and more truncate at tip than in the female, but the difference is feeble and I have not attempted to investigate the extent or constancy of its occurrence. In certain small species of the Truncate {tubiihis and allies) the claws in the males are provided with a distinctly longer, stouter tooth than in the females. I have not noticed a similar dis- parity elsewhere, but I am not prepared to say that it does not exist. The character has not been used at all in classification, and the student who has a sufficient series of specimens can, if he is curious, easily in- vestigate for himself.
In distribution the genus is practically confined to the southwestern region. Aside from the two West Indian species — cubcEcola and pul- cherrivia, which have lately been found on the Florida Keys, three species only — ornata, pulchella and culta — are known from the region east of the Mississippi River ; variegata extends its range into eastern Oregon ; all other species hail from the territory embraced by the fol- lowing States or Territories — Texas, New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada and the Californias. At the time of Horn's revision
4 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
not more than ten species were known from Southern California, but careful collecting in recent years by Messrs. Coquillett, Van Dyke, Fenyes, Daggett, and the author, make it possible to say that fully thirty species, or nearly half the number in our entire fauna, are now known from the same region, and it is probable that further explora- tion will add to this total. In the notes following the tables reference will be made in the case of each species to the place of original de- scription ; for complete bibliography the student is referred to the revision of Dr. Horn. For a cabinet arrangement it would be better to follow the order in which the species are mentioned in the notes, rather than in the tables.
It only remains to express my grateful appreciation to the friends and correspondents for the generally hearty response to a:ll calls for specimens or information. I have thus been privileged to study a far larger material than any previous student has been able to command, while the courtesies extended by the California Academy of Sciences, the American Entomological Society of Philadelphia, the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Cambridge and the National Museum have enabled me, by the examination of all the types of Leconte and Horn, to speak with more of authority than would otherwise have been pos- sible. As might be expected, there remain in the material before me sundry specimens — mainly uniques — which I have left unplaced. The proper disposition of such as these, and the precise definition of the limits of the species in the neighborhood of acuta and subbalteata must be left to the wider view and larger experience of the future in- vestigator.
The table given by Dr. Horn for the separation of the genus into groups, is, with some modification, given below :
Elytral intervals 3-5-7 costiform, from narrow, agriloid 2
Elytra with never more than a single interval distinctly costiform in more than basal half, usually entirely devoid of cost;^^, form broader, usually more or less depressed i
1. Front margin of prosternum retracted, side not reaching the front angles.
Prosternum trisinuate in front Acm^oder^ sinuat.^.
Prosternum scarcely sinuale in front, the margin nearly straight or feebly arcu- ate from side to side Acm^oder^ emarginat^.
^Front margin of prosternum, not or very slightly retracted, usually straight
ACM.-EODER.^ TRUNCAT.T..
_. Front margin of prosternum lobed at middle, sides attaining the angles
ACM.EODER.^s LOBAT.^.
2. Front margin of prosternum sinuate or lobed, tarsi unusually long
ACM.qjODER.^i GRACII.I FORMES.
Mar. 1S9; ] Fall: On American Species of Ac.\leodera. 5
ACM.EODER.^ SiNUAT/E.
The members of this, the largest section of the genus, agree in having the front margin of the prosternum retracted and more or less prominent on either side of the middle. \x). scapular is, pubiventris, lanata, fcnyesi, recticollis, plagiaticmtda, jocosa, coqiiilletti, miliaris, and sparsa, the prominence is dentiform, and though not equally- strong, is conspicuous in all. In flavomar^^inata the prosternum is broadly subangulate, and this angulation becomes more rounded and less advanced through Jiiaciilifcra, ainplicollis, disjiiucta, etc., until in co/ivicfa, Serena, tiita, liepbiirnii and quadriseriata the margin becomes scarcely more than broadly undulate. It must be borne in mind that specimens occur in many species and are likely to in all, in v^^hich the sinuation is decidedly more or less marked than is usual in the species ; therefore too much stress must not be laid upon this character when unsupported by others. The elytra in cuprina and scapnlaris exhibit a discal costa, quite strong in the former, less marked in the latter species; jiavoinarginata, some specimens oi fenyesi 2Si^ occasional in- dividuals of other species show traces of this costa. The thoracic spot is so far as observed constant either in its presence or absence in all but two species — scapnlaris and hepbitrnii — in both of which the spot is rarely lacking. The tarsi are in all species more or less evidently longer than one-half the tibiae. The apical ventral plate is more or less defined in all except macra, scapnlaris and pnlcherj-ima, but is very small in tnta. The thirteen species tabulated by Horn iiave now increased to twenty-eight ; they may be separated as follows :
Thorax more or less distinctly wider than the elytra, side margin usually well defined,
and visible (except in claiisa, robiista and convicta) in its entire extent from above . I
Thorax not wider than the elytra, side margin very narrow, becoming inferior, at least
posteriorly 9
1. Elytral punctures very coarse, nearly obliterating the intervals except the intra-
humeral, which is costiform ; color greenish bronze without ornamentation.
cuprina. Elytral punctures finer, intervals distinct, body above ornate 2
2. Thoracic margin rather wide, distinctly reflexed 3
Thoracic margin narrow, not reflexed 8
3. Reflexed margin suddenly narrowed and nearly obliterated just before the hind
angles, marginal spot small, posterior Scapularis.
Reflexed margin a little narrowed before the hind angles which are produced out- ward in the form of an obtuse lobe maculifera.
Reflexed margin equally broad throughout 4
6 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vn.
4. Last ventral without apical plate, thoracic spot triangular, broader behind 7
Last ventral with distinct apical plate, thoracic spot elongate, parallel, extending
in front of the middle 5
Last ventral with apical plate, thorax without spot, surface lustre deep blue green, elytra ornate with small yellow spots SUbcyanea.
5. Elytra without discal markings, the ornamentation consisting of a yellow marginal
band extending beyond the middle and two transverse bands before the apex red
(rarely yellow) flavomarginata.
Elytra with discal markings 6
6. Fonn very broad, surface lustre greenish, elytra with marginal and discal stripe
reaching about to the middle, behind which there are several transverse fasciiie,
all yellow amplicollis.
Form ver} broad, surface without metallic lustre, markings much as in aiiipUcoIlis,
but the dorsal strip broken into spots ; apical fasciae reddish at sides, disjuncta. Form less broad, surface more or less bronzed, elytra without discal stripe.
Prosternum coarsely rather densely punctate opacula.
Presternum linely .sparsely punctate amabilis.
7. Thoracic margin rather narrow, marginal spot wider behind, surface bluish, elytra
with transverse fascite macra.'
8. Side margin of thorax only visible near the base when viewed from above.
More robust ; thorax with yellow spot at sides both above and beneath, elytra with three broad transverse bands interrupted at the suture and an apical spot ; last ventral with feeble apical plate robusta.
Less robust; thorax, with yellow spot above only, last ventral with broad apical
plate!, clausa^
Side margin of thorax visilile only in front when viewed from above ; not robust,
depressed, thorax with yellow spot at side, elytra with rather narrow fasciiv,
apical ventral plate large COn victa.
9. Thorax with yellow spot at side (except ijuadriscriafa) 13
Thorax unicolored 10
10. Under surface, more especially the sides of the metasternum and abdomen abund-
antly clothed with long whitish hairs. Second ventral segment rather more finely and distinctly more densely punctate at middle than the first ; pubescence of abdomen dense, and except at sides recumbent. Elytra each with two yellow vittps which are usuallv somewhat irregular, and occasionally broken up into numerous irregularly placed spots.
lanata.
Elytra with bluish lustre, marked quite uniformly with larger spots as fol- lovi's : a .spot at the middle of the base, sometimes wanting, two spots at the basal third, a fascia at niiddle, and three spots near the apex, some- times confluent pubiventris.
First and second ventral segments similarly punctate at middle, hairs of
under surface not recumbent] fenyesi.
Under surface much leso conspicuously hairy 1 1
Mar. i899 ] FaI.L : On AMERICAN SPECIES OF ACM/EODERA. 7
11. Maculation of elytra consisting of numerous very small spots 12
Maculation of elytra consisting of comparatively few much larger spots.
Thorax scarcely twice as wide as long, sides parallel in basal half or three
fourths , recticollis.
Thorax more than twice as wide as long, sides not parallel or but for a short distance in front of the base. Elytra with a conspicuous discal subbasal spot.
Upper surface with coppery bronze lustre { .42-.44 inch. ) plagiaticauda.
Upper surface black with faint bluish lustre (.28-. 36 inch. ) . .jocosa.
Elytra without discal spot, but witli a lateral series of three or four spots, the
median largest, the subhumeral small and often wanting . . . .coquillettl.
12. Elytra strongly sinuate behind the humeri, as wide at apical two-fifths as at base,
spots very numerous miliaris.
Elytra moderately sinuate behind the humeri, gradually narrower from base to apex.
Spots more or less numerous, scattered sparsa.
Spots comparatively few and tending to coalesce in narrow transverse lines which do not reach the suture angelica.
13. Last ventral without trace of double apical margin pulcherrima.
Last ventral with more or less distinct apical plate or crest.
Apical plate wide, the free edge thin and broadly evenly rounded ; elytra blue
black with numerous yellow spots Serena.
Apical plate similar in form but much smaller, surface bronzed.
Robust more convex, elytra with broad fasciae intenupted at suture . .tuta.
Depressed, elytra with irregular markings hepburnii.
Apical crest thick, angulate posteriorly, size small quadriseriata.
A. cuprina Sj^i/i., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., 1838, p. 367.
No examples of this species so far as I am aware, have been re- ported from our territory, except the single one in the Leconte col- lection, which is said to be froin Texas. There are specimens in the Horn collection from Mexico, and as remarked by that author, it is very doubtful if it should be retained in our list. The rows of very coarse punctures, so closely placed as to nearly obliterate the intervals (except the intra-humeral, which is quite strongly costiform nearly to the tip) give it an aspect which is only in some degree approximated by scapiilaris and cubcecola, two other subtropical forms, occurring re- spectively at Cape San Lucas and in the Florida Keys. Length, 1 1 . 5 mm., .46 inch.
Habitat : Texas ? Mexico. A scapularis Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, p. 369, PI. VIII,
Fig. 6.
A large species, very strongly attenuate posteriorly, the markings nearly as 'n\ flavosticta. The sudderi narrowing of the thoracic margin
8 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vn.
immediately before the liind angles is a peculiar character which has not been noticed elsewhere. The last ventral is without apical plate. Length, 13 mm., .52 inch.
Habitat : Sierra El Chinche (Cape Region, Baja, Cal.).
A. flavomarginata Gray, An. King., I, p. 358, PI. XXXI, Fig. 2.
A well known and easily recognizable species. The subapical bands are sometimes connected on the disk, giving the appearance of a broader band enclosing spots as described by Horn. The fifth elytral interval is feebly costiform. According to Horn the last ventral is " without trace of double margin or carina at tip." In nine of the ten examples before me, the carina is as distinct as is usual in the genus, and in the tenth is evident though feeble. The markings are occasionally entirely yellow. Length, 8-12.5 mm., .32-.50 inch.
Habitat : Southwestern Texas to southeastern California, and in LowerjCalifornia (Cape San Lucas).
A. maculifera Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, p. 382, PI. YIII,
Fig- 5-
A large, very broad, and strongly depressed species, the elytra yellow with rounded black spots. The coloration is peculiar, and the formation of the hind angles of the thorax as described in the table has no parallel in our fauna and does not seem to have been fittingly described by Horn. The apical plate is strongly developed, broad, with free edge only feebly rounded. Length, 10. 5-12 mm., .42-.48 inch.
Habitat : Texas, New Mexico (Las Cruces).
I have seen but two examples, the type from the former, and a specimen submitted by Mr. Wickham from the latter locality. This specimen was taken by Cockerell and bears the label " On Bigelovia, sp. Sept. 23."
A. subcyanea, sp. nov.
Closely agrees with the two following species in form and size. Black with very distinct blue-green lustre. Thorax without spot at sides, closely punctate, lateral margin a little less broad than in am- pUcoUis, but reflexed and visible throughout from above. The elytra have the discal punctures distinctly finer than in amplicollis or dis- juncta and are irregularly marked with small yellow spots, represent- ing a discal and marginal series, which become confused behind the middle. Abdomen more finely and a little less closely punctate than
Mar. 1899] Fall : On American Species of Acm-^odera. 9
in ampliioUis, the apical plate well de\eloped, broad with the free edge thin and subtruncate. Length, 11 ram., .44 inch.
Habitat : Arizona.
A single specimen in the Horn collection, evidently allied to ampUcolIis, disjuncta, etc., by the broad depressed form and thoracic characters, but easily distinguished from all by the unspotted thorax, blue-green lustre and maculation of the elytra, which more nearly re- sembles ornata than any of the species with which it is structurally as- sociated. In siihcyanea, as is usual, the punctuation of the thorax in- creases in density from the middle to the lateral margin where it is more or less cribrate, but in those species with yellow marginal stripe it will be observed that the yellow area is generally distinctly less densely punctate than the adjacent surface.
A. amplicollis Lee, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., 1866, p. 383.
A very easily recognized species, and one which varies but little in coloration judging from the one hundred or more specimens which have come before me. Length, 9-13 mm., .36-. 52 inch.
Habitat : All specimens seen are from the southern portions of Arizona.
A. disjuncta, sp. nov.
Very similar in form, size and markings to amplicollis, from which it differs as follows. The color is black without metallic lustre ; the thorax exceeds the elytra slightly less in width, and is less closely punctate ; the marginal elytral stripe in ainplicollis is here more or less broken, and the discal stripe is replaced by a series of three spots, the posterior sometimes connected with the margin ; the apical fasciae are more broken and are invariably red at the sides. The hairs of the up- per surface, more especially of the thorax, are darker in color. The fifth interspace of the elytra is slightly but distinctly elevated in basal half in amplicollis, not at all so in disjuncta. The under surface is not quite so strongly punctate, and is b ack, not greenish as in amplicollis. Length, 9-12 mm., .36-. 48 inch.
Habitat: Arizona.
Described from a series in the Horn collection, the larger of which were placed with amplicollis, and the smaller with opacula. They are perfectly homogeneous and undoubtedly distinct from amplicollis, and have a very different look from the type of opa cuius, though it must be confessed that the status of this latter species is not very well de- fined.
10 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vil
A. opacula Lee, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., 1859, p. 69.
I have seen nothing just like the Leconte type, which however seems to have been collected in alcohol and has not, perhaps, quite its normal appearance. The specimens which Horn mentions from Ari- zona are quite surely distinct from the type, and are described above under the name disjuncta. The character given in the table for the separation of opacula and amabilis is the one given by Horn. This difference is evident enough in the types, but there is scarcely any- thing in the descriptions to support it, and I cannot think it of much value in itself. We must wait for more specimens. Length, 10.5 mm., .42 inch.
Habitat: Texas (El Paso).
A. amabilis Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VH, p. 7, PI. I, Fig, 3.
The relation of this species to opacula is alluded to above. As compared with amplicollis it is decidedly more slender, with the thorax less narrowed in front. The marginal thoracic stripe is very narrow ; the apical ventral plate is strongly rounded or subangulate, with free edge inclined to be a little irregular. The markings do not vary much in the specimens before me and are well represented by Horn's figure. The apical band is always red in great jDart. Length, 8-1 1 mm., .32- .44 inch.
Habitat : New Mexico and Arizona.
Taken by Prof. Snow in some numbers in the Magdalena Mountains, of New Mexico, and a considerable series has lately been received from southeastern Arizona by Mr. Daggett.
A. vc\^cV2i Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 8, PL I, Fig. 5.
As remarked by Horn, this species is more strongly arched when viewed in profile than any others except alacris and comata. It most nearly resembles serena in color, but that species is spotted (not fas- ciate), and with different thoracic margin. The apical plate is en- tirely wanting in all specimens seen, a character quite unusual in this section. Length, 7.5-11 mm., .30-. 44 inch.
Habitat : Texas.
A. robusta Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, ^). 9, PI. I, Fig. 7.
I have seen only the two specimens from which the description was drawn. The side margin of the thorax, visible only posteriorly when viewed from above, combined with the presence of the yellow spot on the inferior margin of the thorax distinguish the species from any
Mar. i?99] FaLI, : On AMERICAN SPECIES OF ACM.'EODERA. 11
Other in our fauna. The first named character is shared by clausa, and the last by cubcecola. Length, lo— ii mm., .40-. 44 inch. Habitat: California (Owen's Valley).
A. clausa Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., 1894, p. 374. PI. VII,
Fig. 3-
A pretty species, of medium size, and having no close allies. Its distinctive character lies in the fact that the side margin of the thorax is more clearly visible from above toward the base than in front, a re- versal of the ordinary condition and noted elsewhere only in robusta. The elytra have more often a bluish rather than a bronze luster, as de- scribed by Horn, and the thorax is invariably a little wider at base than the elytra. I have, therefore, removed it from the neighborhood of tuta and liepburnii, with which it is associated in the description. The prosternal margin is feebly trisinuate ; the apical plate large, its free edge rather thin and evenly rounded. Length, 7.8-10 mm., .31- .40 inch.
Habitat : Cape region of Lower California. A. convicta, sp. nov.
Moderately slender, depressed, distinctly bronzed, thoracic margin rather broadly yellow from apical fourth to base, the yellow spot a little broader behind. Elytra with four transverse fasciae as follows : the first, subbasal, extending from the scutellar region obliquely outward and backward to margin ; second, median, posteriorly curved ; third, at apical third, oblique ; fourth, subapical ; the last two broken. In addition there is a minute spot beneath the humerus, a narrow marginal stripe between the first and second fasciae, a small marginal spot between the second and third fascia; and a small apical spot. Head rather deeply longitudinally impressed, vertical carina feeble. Thorax very slightly more than twice as long as wide, widest at basal two- fifths where it is very slightly wider than the elytra, moderately narrowed in front, side margin inferior except toward the apex, surface moderately closely but not densely punctate. Elytra feebly striate on the disk, more deeply at sides and tip, intervals uniseriately punctulate. Hairs of upper surface short, brownish. Beneath bronzed, abdomen with slight violaceous lustre, evenly, not very closely punctate and clothed with short gray hairs. Front margin of presternum rather feebly trisinuate ; last ventral with wide apical plate, the free edge broadly evenly rounded ; tarsi distinctly longer than half the tibi?e. Length, 8 mm., .32 inch.
Habitat : Arizona (Santa Rita Mts.).' Oiie specimen, collected by Mr. Wickham. A. \SiX\sXz. Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VIII, 1880, p. 148.
This species begins a series which as a rule are more convex than those that precede ; they also lack the thoracic spot, the front margin of the prosternum is strongly toothed each side, and the apical ventral plate is thicker.
12 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
Lanata was described by Horn as related \o pubiventris, but differ- ing in abdominal sculpture and vestiture. On careful comparison I am unable to discover any material difference in the ventral punctua- tion of the two species, which is substantially as described of laiiafa. The first segment is sparsely finely punctate at middle, and quite densely at sides as is almost universally the case ; the following seg- ments are finely rather densely nearly evenly punctate throughout. The contrast between the punctuation of the first and second segments at middle is striking, and peculiar in this group. All the specimens of puhiventris in collections, so far as I know, were taken in Owen's Valley, Cal. They were apparently long immersed in alcohol, and the vestiture is almost entirely removed from the upper surface, and from the abdomen except at the sides. I have no doubt that fresh specimens would agree perfectly with laiiaia in this respect, as they certainly do in abdominal sculpture. The markings of puhiventris consist of rather large yellow (darkened by alcohol) spots, and are quite constant as described by Horn. Lanata is typically vittate, but a series from Utah and the desert regions of Southern California shows forms varying from regularly through irregularly vittate to confusedly maculate. In none of these are the size and disposition of the spots, nor is there present the well-defined bluish surface lustre of the latter (one example of lanata is very faintly bluish), but it may well be doubted li puhiventris is anything more than a local race of the more widely diffused Az/w/rt;. Length, 7.5-10.5 mm., .30-.42 inch.
Habitat: Utah and desert regions of Southern California. A. puhiventris Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 9, PI. I,
Fig. 7.
See remarks under the preceding species. Length, 8.5-10.5 mm., .34— .42 inch.
Habitat : California (Owen's Valley). A. fenyesi, sp. nov.
Moderately stout, somewhat depressed, piceous, feebly bronzed, clothed with long, fine erect hair, which is usually fuscous (sometimes paler) above, and grayish- white beneath. Head feebly impressed, vertical carina indistinct. Thorax twice as wide as long, sides usually straight for a short distance before the base, then gradu- ally rounded to apex ; occasionally a little dilated before the base ; lateral margin not visible from above except near the front angles ; surface moderately strongly punctate, densely at sides, the punctures well separated at middle. Elytra with striae of rather coarse punctures, intervals uniseriately punctulate, the fifth sometimes slightly elevated as far as, or even beyond the middle ; maculation consisting of small
Mar. iSog] FaLL : On AMERICAN SpECIES OF ACM/EODERA. 13
yellow or reddish yellow spots arranged in discal and lateral series of four or five each, the corresponding spots at and behind the middle sometimes confluent. Abdo- men rather finely and sparsely punctate, clothed with long hair which is unusually dense and conspicuous toward the sides of the body. Front margin of the prosternum with a stout blunt tooth on either side. Last ventral with distinct apical plate which is rather thick and strongly narrowed or subangulate posteriorly. Length, 8-1 1 mm., •32--44 inch.
Habitat: Various localities in southern California between the mountains and the coast.
The spots are usually very small and sometimes nearly wanting, but I do not remember to have seen a specimen in which they are en- tirely absent. The lower surface is more conspicuously hairy than in any other species except lanata 3i\\d pi/biventris, from either of which it is at once distinguished by the hairs of the ventral surface being erect and the form more depressed. Small specimens are greatly like dolorosa in general appearance, but the latter has a very different pro- sternum ; on the other hand, large nearly immaculate specimens re- semble inorbosa, but this also is a species of the next group and is normally hairy beneath. Fcnyesi is by no means rare and is doubtless represented in many collections. In local collections it has for some reason or other passed as sparsa, a non -related species which does not occur in California at all, and it is not unlikely that it has been sent east under this name. For many of the specimens before me I am in- debted to the diligent collecting of my friend. Dr. Fenyes, of Pasa- dena, to whom I take great pleasure in dedicating the species.
A. recticollis, sp. nov.
Robust, parallel, feebly depressed, black without oeneous lustre, clothed above and below with sparse short grayish hairs, thorax without markings, elytra maculate with yellow and red. Head not very densely punctate, feebly impressed, thorax dis- tinctly less than twice as wide as long, sides parallel in basal half or three fourths, thence rounded to the apex ; lateral margin visible from above only in front, surface moderately closely not coarsely punctate on the disk, more densely and coarsely at sides ; impressions rather feeble. Elytra of same width as thorax, sides parallel to behind the middle, umbones not prominent, strire not impressed on the disk, punctures moderate, intervals more strongly punctate than usual. The maculation may be de- scribed as two rows of spots, one discal and the other lateral, the median and post- median pairs of spots confluent. The discal series begins with a spot at the extreme base, the corresponding marginal spot being very small ; the apical spots are more or less reddish. Prosternum with a prominent tooth each side of the middle ; abdomen finely punctulate at middle, basal segment densely and more coarsely at sides as usual ; last ventral-with short thick angulate apical carina. Length, lo mm., .40 inch.
14 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
Habitat : One example from Winslow, Arizona (Wickham), an- other in the Horn collection from New Mexico.
Nearest plagiaticaiida, but differing somewhat in naarkings and distinctly in its different shaped and less transverse prothorax. Rccti- collis, plagiaticaiida, jocosa and coqiiilletti form a group of rather closely allied species, agreeing well in the form of the prosternal margin and the character of the apical ventral plate. The two last are much smaller than the others and very constant in markings. Their separa- tion by means of the tabular characters could not be difficult.
A. plagiaticauda Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. lo, PI.
I, Fig. 8.
A large species, which is apparently rare. I have seen only three examples, viz., one specimen each in the cabinets of Leconte and Horn, the third collected by Coquillett in Los Angeles county, Cal., and differing from the type in that the spots are in part yellow instead of being entirely red. The prosternal cusps are very prominent, the apical ventral plate thick and acute behind with somewhat uneven outline. Length, ii mm., .44 inch.
Habitat : California (Mariposa and Los Angeles counties).
A. jocosa, sp. nov.
Moderately robust, black, shining, without metallic lustre. Elytra each orna- mented with a longitudinal series of four yellow spots ; the first rather large, within and posterior to the umbone ; the second median large, subtransverse reaching from the third or fourth stria to the lateral margin ; the third smaller and nearer the suture, the fourth smallest, subapical. There is a red marginal spot at the apical third which may or may not be connected with the third discal spot. The head is densely punc- tured as usual, front moderately convex, vertex without carina. Thorax not wider than the elytra, twice as wide as long, sub-parallel to middle, thence moderately rounded to the apical angles, lateral margin not visible from above ; disk very finely and sparsely, sides more coarsely and closely punctate. Elytra subparallel to apical third, umbone moderate, strial punctures not coarse, intervals nearly flat on the disk, uniseriately punctulate ; erect hairs rather long, fuscous on the elytra, fuscous, mixed with cinereous toward the base, on the thorax. Prosternum trisinuate with stout cusps, sparsely punctured at middle. Abdomen very finely sparsely punctulate at middle, a little more coarsely and closely at sides. Last segment with narrowly rounded rather thick apical plate. Length, 7-9 mm., .28-. 36 inch.
Habitat : Foothills of the Sierras of southern California.
This species does not exhibit much variation ; there may be a small spot external to the basal, and there is occasionally a very small apical marginal red spot, which is seldom present on both sides.
Mar. i8j9 I FaLL : On AMERICAN SpECIES OF ACM/EODERA. 15
A. coquiltetti, sp. nov.
Elongate, rather slender, scarcely depressed, black, strongly bronzed, clothed with rather long erect hairs, which on the upper surface are brownish throughout except for an intermixture of cinereous on the thorax. Elytra with three more or less transverse lateral spots, the anterior median in position and largest, the two others reddish externally ; there is also occasionally a very small yellow subhumeral spot. Head densely punctate with a more or less evident vertical carina. Thorax not twice as wide as long, widest at base, sides feebly arcuate, moderately narrowed anteriorly ; disk rather sparsely, sides closely punctate ; lateral margin visible from above only in front. Elytra as wide as the base of the thorax, striae not impressed on the disk, in- tervals flat, finely uniseriately punctate. Body beneath rather sparsely punctate, not much more closely at sides, sparsely clothed with moderately long grayish hair. Pro- sternum rather strongly sinuate in front ; last ventral with rather thick apical plate which is narrowly rounded or subangulate posteriorly. Length, 7.5-8 mm., .30-. 32 inch.
Habitat : California (Los Angeles county).
Described from a series of seven specimens taken by Mr. Coquillett, whose name I am pleased to use for the species. A. miliaris Horn, Trans, Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. lo, PI. I, Fig. 9.
This and the following species are very closely allied, and the characters given for their separation in Horn's table are not reliable; in fact, the much more common sparsa has circulated extensively as miliaris and doubtless stands as such in many collections. There is, however, little doubt that the species are distinct, and the best dis- tinguishing character is the form of the elytra as given in the table. In addition it may be said that the spots are more numerous in miliaris, the abdomen is more strongly punctate, the prosternal cusp is less strong, and the lateral impressions of the thorax are inclined to be less developed anteriorly. The apical plate is moderately thin and sub- acutely rounded in both miliaris and sparsa. Length, 8-10.5 I'firn., .32— .42 inch.
Habitat : I have seen only some seven or eight examples, all from Texas. A. sparsa Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 11, PI. I, Fig. 10.
For comparison with miliaris see remarks under that species. The type specimens came from Colorado and are rather more sparsely punctate and less spotted than those from New Mexico and Arizona. These latter area pparently venusta Waterh., judging from the figure in the Biologia. The apical marginal spots are more or less red as in miliaris, though not so mentioned by Horn in his description. Length, ^•5-12.3 mm., .34-.49 inch.
16 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. vil
Habitat : Colorado (Colorado Springs), New Mexico (Magdalena Mts., Snow), Arizona (Fort Huachuca, Daggett), Utah (Fuchs). A. angelica, sp. nov.
Moderately robust, shining, black not bronzed, clothed sparsely with fine erect hairs, which are fuscous above and grayish beneath. Elytra marked with four trans- verse series of small spots, yellow on the disk and usually reddish at the side, more or less coalescent into narrow transverse bands, which reach the margin but not the suture. The post- humeral spots are frequently nearly obsolete and never coalesce into a well defined band. Head densely punctate, vertical carina not distinct. Thorax not wider than the elytra, widest at base, sides feebly rounded, moderately narrowed from the base ; margin visible in front from above ; disk coarsely closely punctate at sides, more finely at the middle where the punctures are separated by their own diameter. Punctures of elytral striae rather coarse, intervals rather narrow, flat on the disk, and uniseriately punctulate as usual. Body beneath bronzed, ventral segments rather uniformly not very closely punctate ; last ventral with thick angulate apical crest; prosternum distinctly but not very strongly trisinuate. Length, 6.5-9 mm., .26-. 36 inch.
Habitat: California (Los Angeles Co.).
More than thirty examples are before me, exhibiting a considerable amount of variation in form and punctuation of thorax and elytra. The thorax is in some examples a little widened before the base, but is not in any case wider than the elytra across the humeri. The an- tennae are distinctly more slender in certain specimens which might be considered distinct were not intermediate forms present.
A. pulcherrima Z>//?'., Ins. Cuba, 1857, p. 56.
Moderately depressed, black, thorax usually more or less aeneous, elytra with slight bluish or greenish lustre. Hairs of upper surface pale, rather short and not very fine. Thorax Avith elongate orange spot at sides, elytra each with seven rounded orange colored spots ar- ranged in two longitudinal rows, the apical spot forming a part of both discal and marginal series. Specimens will probably occur with the spots more or less confluent transversely. The last ventral is en- tirely without double apical margin. Length, 8 mm., .32 inch.
I have seen three examples labelled " Metacumbe Key, Fla." The identification of this species and cnbcecola is due to the late Mr. Linell and I have not thought it necessary to verify the conclusions of so careful a student.
A. Serena, sp. nov.
Form moderate, somewhat depressed, black, elytra very deep blue, very sparsely clothed above with short semi-erect pale hairs. Head not ver}^ densely punctate, a faint vertical carina. Thorax not wider than the elytra, nearly twice as broad as long.
Mar. iSgo ] FaLL : Ox AMERICAN SPECIES OF ACM.tODERA. IT
narrowed from base to apex, side margin narrow, inferior behind ; punctures on the disk rather tine, separated by more than their own diameters on the average, coarser and more closely placed laterally ; impressions moderate, side margin narrowly yellow in basal three fourths. Elytra with numerous yellow spots of varying size and shape irregularly dispersed ; base equal in width to the prothorax, gradually narrowed from base to apex, striw moderate, impressed at sides and apex, intervals fiat, each with a single series of fine punctures. Beneath clothed with rather sparse grayi.sh hairs. Prosternum feebly trisinuate in front ; abdomen finely evenly not closely punctate, last ventral w-ith large apical plate, the free edge thin and very broadly rounded. Length, 9-9.5 mm., .36-. 38 inch.
Habitat : Arizona (Tucson).
Described from two specimens collected and communicated by Mr. 'NMckham. Serena resembles both macra and elaiisa quite closely. As compared with niaci-a the thoracic margin is narrow and not visible throughout from above, the form is less arcuate when viewed in profile, the markings are more broken, and the apical ventral plate which is nearly wanting in maera is here strongly developed. From c/aitsa it may be separated by the more sparsely punctured thorax, and the thoracic margin becoming inferior behind as is usual.
A. tuta Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 11, PI. I, Fig. 11.
I have seen but four specimens of this species and these present no variation from the description and figure given by Horn. The pros- ternum is feebly trisinuate, the apical ventral plate very narrow, nearly truncate with thin free edge. Length, 8-9.5 mm., .32-. 38 inch.
Habitat : Utah and desert portions of California (Death Valley).
A. hepburnii Lee, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, 1859, p. 254.
A species which there is no danger of mistaking for any other in this grou]j, but which might easily be confused with connexa, acuta and labyrinthica of the following group. The prosternum while not at all strongly trisinuate is sufficiently constant so to warrant its present position. The thorax varies very little in form, is never wider than the elytra, and is narrowed from base to apex, while in acuta, etc., the thorax is oftenest widest a little in front of the base, and frequently more or less distinctly wider than the elytra. Again, in these species the thoracic spot is rarely present and the side margin of the elytra beneath the humerus is always black in part ; in hepburnii the thoracic spot is absent in only three of the forty-five specimens before me, and the elytral margin at the humerus is entirely yellow. The apical ventral plate is narrow, the free edge thin and broadly evenly rounded. Length, 8.7-12 mm., .35-. 48 inch.
18 Journal New York Entomological Society. l^oi. vii.
Habitat : A rather common species west of the California Sierras nearly throughout the length of the state. A. quadriseriata, sp. nov.
Form cylindro-conic, feebly depressed, piceous, somewhat bronzed, clothed with fine erecft blackish hairs. Head with fine vertical carina, punctures large, shallow, closely placed. Thorax twice as wide as long, widest at basal third, where the sides are strongly rounded, apex much narrower than base ; surface not very closely punc- tate on the disk, more densely at sides ; median and basal impressions rather feeble, lateral margin inferior posteriorly. Elytra wider than the thorax, sides sinuately nar- rowed to apical third, thence more rapidly to apex ; punctures of striae rather fine, in- tervals flat except at sides, uniseriately punctulate ; each elytron marked with two longitudinal series of four or five elongate yellow spots, one discal the other lateral. Beneath more plainly bronzed, sparsely clothed with pale hairs ; abdomen rather finely and sparsely punctate, last ventral with thick apical carina, the free edge more or less uneven and narrowly rounded. Length, 5.5-7 mm., .22-. 28 inch.
Habitat : Twelve examples are before me, all from southern Cali- fornia (Los Angeles and Santa Barbara Counties).
The present species well illustrates the inexactness of the form of the prosternum as a basis for a natural group division. The form is here a little variable and may be nearly paralleled in any one of the three larger groups — Sinuatte, Emarginata^ or Truncate. A strict interpre- tation would exclude it from the last, and I believe it may best be as- signed to the Sinuatce. It re.sembles very closely in color certain small fonns of acuta, but is more pointed behind and with very different last ventral. The maculation is quite constant so far as seen.
ACM.EODER.E EmARGINAT-^.
Attention has already been called to the fact that the front margin of the prosternum in this series is usually in some faint degree trisinuate, and when this is more pronounced than usual, as it is likely to be in individuals of almost any species, a survey of both groups may be necessary for identification.
I have removed viariposa from the Truncate and placed it in the present series next to doiirni, with which it is very closely allied, if not actually identical. This course is justified by an examination of the prosternum, which is really retracted in all specimens seen, though in varying degree. The form of the prothorax seems less stable here than in either of the other groups, and the thoracic spot is less constant than elsewhere, its presence or absence being fortuitous in six of the ten species in which it occurs. The nineteen species now recognized separate as follows :
Mar. 1S99.] Fall; On American Species of AcM^obtRA. 19
Thorax with lateral margin yellow in more than basal half 8
Thorax unicolorous or with only a small lateral yellow spot behind the middle I
1. Last ventral with thick subapical crest which is subangulate at middle 6
Last ventral without apical crest (except rarely in connexa) 3
Last ventral with thin apical plate which is not subangulate at middle (sometimes
feebly developed or nearly obsolete in acuta and labyrinthica') 2
2. Thoracic margin narrow, not reflexed, not or scarcely visible posteriorly from
above.
Surface bronzed without spots morbosa.
Surface bluish, elytra with scattered small yellow spots ornata.
Surface bronzed, elytra with yellow markings.
Markings more constant, a lateral transverse spot at the middle of the elytra
being most conspicuous ; form depressed. . , flavosticta. '
Markings more intricate and very variable.
Form narrower, less depressed, punctures of elytral stride finer, .acuta. Form broad, depressed, punctures of elytral stride coarser.
labyrinthica.
Form depressed, strongly narrowed posteriorly CUneata.
Thoracic margin slightly reflexed, visible throughout from above ; elytra with nu- merous .small yellow spots, often intricately joined, sides at tip red.rubronotSita.
3. Thorax widest at base, form rather narrow, less flattened 5
Thorax more or less distinctly widest a little in front of the base, and usually
slightly wider than the elytra ; form broader and more flattened 4
Thorax widest at middle 7
4. Elytra with yellow markings on the disk.
Form more slender and more gradually narrowed behind ; thorax without lateral spot, yellow markings of the elytra irregularly longitudinally joined toward the
base connexa.
Form less slender, more parallel, and less gradually narrowed behind ; elytra with three more or less irregular transverse bands not reaching the suture, and
an apical spot variegata.
Elytra with a few (mostly lateral) small orange red spots which show a tendency to
coalesce transversely . . van dylcei.
Elytra with three or four lateral yellow spots, that at the middle being largest.
prorsa. r. Bronzed, sides of thorax more strongly rounded, elytra with three reddish spots at
the sides behind the middle, the middle one extending inward dohrni.
Blue, sides of thorax less rounded, elytra with same markings mariposa.
6. Piceous, faintly bronzed, elytra with a few inconspicuous yellow spots toward the
sides dolorosa .
Cupreous, elytra each with two apical marginal red spots postica.
7. Sides of elytra entirely yellow, inner margin strongly indented, no discal mark-
ings liorni.
8. Outer interval of elytra acutely tuberculate behind the middle daggettl.
Outer interval of elytra not tuberculate
Thoracic margin reflexed, plainly visible throughout from above, .decipiens. -^^ Thoracic margin narrow, not reflexed fcCalaris.
20 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vii
A. morbosa, sp. nov.
Moderately robust, somewhat depressed, elytra slightly, pronotum and under sur- face rather strongly bronzed, entirely without markings ; erect hairs whitish beneath, dark and paler intermixed above. Head with indistinct vertical carina, thorax twice as broad as long, very slightly wider before the basal angles, moderately rounded and narrowed anteriorly, side margin posteriorly not visible from above ; rather closely punctate, more densely at sides. Elytra as wide, or very nearly so, as the thorax, humeri not prominent, sides very slightly convergent to a little behind the middle,, then more rapidly to apex ; striae and punctures moderate. Prosternum with front margin retracted and slightly but distinctly sinuate. Abdomen rather strongly but not closely punctate, last segment with very small apical plate. Length, 9 mm., .36 inch.
Habitat: Two examples, Los Angeles Co., California, collections of Dr. Fenyes and myself.
Structurally very close to labyrintliica and possibly an immaculate variety of that species, but in the many specimens of the latter that I have seen, there is no tendency whatever toward even a noticeable re- duction of the yellow markings.
A. flavosticta Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 9, PL I,
Fig. 6.
The thorax is said to be unicolored in the description and it is usually so in specimens from Lower California. In those from south- ern California the marginal spot is about as often present as absent. The apical ventral plate is thin with posterior edge nearly squarely truncate. Length, 7-10.3 mm., .28-. 41 inch.
Habitat: The twenty-one examples before me range from Cape San Lucas as far north as Riverside, Cal. It was taken in some num- bers in San Diego Co., by Mr. Coquillett, and is apparently a common species in the Peninsula.
A. acuta Lee, Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, Ser. 2, XI, p. 224.
Unfjuestionably distinct from connexa in my opinion, the doubts expressed by Horn arising from the including under this name the form which I have separated as labyrintliica. See remarks under laby- rintJiica. Length, 5-9 mm., .20— .36 inch.
Habitat: Our commonest Californian species, occurring nearly everywhere in the mountains and foothills from San Diego to Shasta. I have never seen typical examples from east of the Sierras, though it is not unlikely that it extends into Nevada in the Lake Tahoe region. Horn gives also L^tah, but his specimens from that locality are laby- rinthica.
Mar 1399] Fall: On American Species of Acm^odera. 21
A. labyrinthica, sp. nov.
This name is proposed for a form which is indiscriminately mixed with connexa and acuta, according to the size of the specimens or the taste of the individual. It may usually be separated at a glance from both by its stouter form and the more profuse and irregular markings of the elytra. Like connexa the form is strongly depressed, but is less gradually narrowed posteriorly and with more distinct bronze lustre. The thorax in connexa is usually conspicuously wider than the elytra and widest immediately before the base ; in labyrinthica the thorax is less noticeably though usually slightly wider than the elytra with the broadest part a little less basal and with a more evident sinuation be- fore the hind angles which are consequently a little less obtuse. The abdominal punctuation is a little less fine in labyrinthica, the last ventral shorter with the apical carina often very small, but rarely lack- ing. From acuta, labyrinthica differs by the flatter form and much coarser strial punctures. In both there is rarely a small yellow spot at the side of the thorax, but I have never seen this in connexa. In many specimens of labyrinthica the last ventral suture is broadly feebly sinuate or subangulate at the middle : not noticeably so in acuta or connexa in my experience.
Typical connexa, labyrinthica and acuta, and even after allowing for a considerable variation the great majority of specimens are such, are easily separable, but there are not lacking specimens which are very disconcerting. It is possible that these are only additional forms which indicate a single excessively variable species ; it is, however, quite as likely that they are representatives of still other closely allied species and, perhaps, still more probable that we have to do with a complex combination of completely and incompletely differentiated forms which the presence of hybrids may render still more confusing. Whatever may be the true status, the separation of labyrinthica, either as a species or a subspecies, goes far toward relieving our series of connexa and acuta of that heterogeneous appearance which is nowhere better illustrated than in the Leconte and Horn collections. Length, 7.5-10.5 mm., .30-.42 inch.
Habitat: Inhabits nearly the same region in California as acuta, though I have not seen specimens from quite so far north, and also extends its range into Nevada and Utah.
A. cuneata, sp. nov.
Depressed, strongly narrowed behind. Head rather deeply, broadly impressed.
22 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
Thorax a little wider than the elytra, shaped nearly as in connexa, moderately coarsely closely punctate, unicolorous, a small indistinct spot in one example. Elytra intricately ornate with yellow, the markings much as in labyrinthica, but broader and less diffused. Sculpture of elytra and lower surface nearly as in lahyrinthica. Length, 8-IO mm., .32-. 40 inch.
Habitat : Southwestern Utah and Arizona (Rio Verdi and Tempe Desert).
Two specimens from the former locality in the Horn collection and others from Arizona in the collection of Dr. Griffith, to whom I am indebted for my representatives. Cutieata is nearest to, but ap- parently distinct from lahyritithica, from which it is difficult to separate it by description, though quite different in appearance. The strongly narrowed and pointed elytra are characteristic of all the specimens seen, and will, I think, make its recognition tolerably certain. From co?inexa it diiTers both in form and markings, and in the much deeper frontal impression. Lahyrinthica occurs in the same region, but con- nexa has not yet been seen from either Utah or Arizona.
A. connexa Lee, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., 1859, p. 72.
For comparison with acuta and lahyrinthica, see remarks under the last named species. The markings in connexa are tolerably constant, especially the oblique fascia at the apical third and the apical spot ; the markings in the basal half of the elytra are confusedly joined, but are very rarely in any way connected with the posterior fascia. The apical ventral plate is nearly or quite lacking in most examples, but is occasionally well-defined though small. I have never seen a speci- men with a thoracic spot. Length, S-12.5 mm., .32-. 50 inch.
Habitat : California and Nevada. A somewhat common species in the sierras of California, not reaching either the extreme northern or southern portions of the State so far as known.
A, variegata Z*!^. , Proc. Acad. Sc Phil., 1852, p. 67.
This species may be separated quite certainly from all others by the tabular differences. It is nearest connexa, but if typically marked may be at once distinguished by the transverse fasciae. These fasciae are, however, quite often much broken, in which case the stouter, more parallel form, coarser sculpture, with the thorax widest further in front of the base will make it recognizable. The thoracic spot is about as often absent as present, the thorax is usually not wider than the elytra, but is occasionally distinctly so. There is no apical ven- tral plate. Length, 7.75-10 mm., .31-. 40 inch.
Mar. 1899] Fall : On American Species of Acm^^odera. 23
Habitat: Colorado, Utah, California (desert regions), Oregon (Hood River). A. ornata Fab., Syst. Ent., p. 220.
This common and widespread species is too well known to need any comment.
Habitat: Pennsylvania, Florida, Texas, Utah, Nevada.
37. A. rubronotata Lap. e^" Gory, Mon., I, p. 5, t. i, f. 5.
According to the authors of the Biologia, the above name should be used for the species now standing on our list as j-/<?/Arr/j- Chev., which is believed to be quite a different thing. SteUaris Spin., is doubtfully placed as a synonym of rubronotata. This species is easily recognizable by Horn's description and figure. I have seen only the two examples in the Leconte collection. Length, 11. 5 mm., .46 .inch.
Habitat : Texas, along the Mexican border. A. van dykei, sp. nov.
Form broad, depressed, color piceous with faint bronze lustre, clothed above with fine erect fuscous hairs ; elytra maculate with small orange red spots which have a tendency to coalesce into four or five broken transverse bands, none of which reach the suture. Head with distinct vertical carina. Thora.x more thali twice as wide as long, widest a little before the base, sides strongly narrowed in front, margin more or less distinctly visible throughout from above ; surface rather closely, moderately coarsely punctate, impressed as usual. Elytra a little narrower than the thorax, sub- triangular, strise moderately punctate, more coarsely at sides as usual ; intervals flat on the disk, the third at base and the fifth to a greater extent more or less elevated. Body beneath bronzed, prosternum emarginate in front, abdomenusually sparsely finely punctate though somewhat variable ; last ventral without trace of apical plate. Length, 9-12 mm., .36-.48 inch.
Habitat : Ten examples from Washington, California (Siskiyou, Alameda and Los Angeles Counties), Nevada and Utah — Collections of Van Dyke, Fuchs, Horn and Wickham.
I take pleasure in dedicating this species to my friend Dr. Edwin C. Van Dyke, whose collection of Californian Acmceodera is the most extensive I have seen and has in its entirety been very kindly placed at my disposal. A. prorsa, sp. nov.
Moderately robust, subtriangular, depressed, shining, bronzed, hairs of upper surface fine, moderately long and dark brown in color ; of the under surface grayish white elytra marked with a series of four more or less transverse lateral yellow spots, that nearest the humerus small and often wanting. Head closely punctate, feebly impressed at middle, vertical carina indistinct. Thorax a little wider than the elytra,
24 Journal New York: EntoxMological Society [Voi. vii.
more than twice as wide as long, widest Ijefore the base, where it is rather strongly rounded, thence narrowing in nearly straight line to apical angles ; dorsal mpressions moderate, surface rather closely punctate on the disk, more coarsely and densely at sides. Elytra narrowing gradually from base, disk flattened, strise not impressed at the middle of the disk, but evidently so at the sides and tip ; inters^als with the usual series of fine punctures. Prosternum emarginate in front, the margin faintly sinuate ; abdomen finely not closely punctate, last segment without trace of apical plate. Length, 6.5-11 mm., .26-. 44 inch.
Habitat : California (Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties). Ten examples.
Some specimens, perhaps males, are less depressed and narrower, but otherwise there is very little variation observable. The style of maculation is very much like that in coquilletti, and the narrower forms look greatly like that species ; the resemblance however is entirely su- perficial. The lateral margin of the thorax is more or less distinctly visible almost throughout from above. A. dohrni Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 15, PI. I, Fig. 21.
This species could scarcely be mistaken for any other though some specimens of prorsa in which the anterior marginal spot of the elytra is wanting, and the thorax less distinctly wider than the elytra than usual, are not very different in appearance. The spots in dohrni are however always reddish, and in prorsa never so. Dohrni is really much more clo.sely allied to viariposa and it is doubtful if they are really distinct. Aside from color — bronzed in dohrni and blue in mariposa — the former is distinguished by the more transverse thorax with sides more strongly rounded and as wide or a little wider slightly in front of the base than at base, and the slightly stronger punctures of the elytral striae. In typical mariposa of which I have seen but three examples the thorax is widest at base and the sides are but little rounded. These differences in thoracic outline are not more marked than in several other species and there is before me a specimen which both in color and in shape of thorax is an exact intermediate between typical dohrni and mariposa. Both forms are as yet too rare in collec- tions to warrant a definite conclusion as to their relationship. Length, 8-9.3 mm., .32-. 37 inch.
Habitat: Sierras of California from Los Angeles to Mariposa County.
A. mariposa Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 22, PL I, Fig. 35.
For reference to the transfer of this species from the Truncatae to
the Emarginatae, see remarks prefatory to the present group. The
]\iar. iSoy ] Fall : On American Species of Acm/EOdera. 25
relation of mariposa to dohrni is alluded to under the latter species. The only specimens known to me are the type, and single examples in the collections of Messrs. Fuchs and Van Dyke. Length, 7-8.5 ram., .28-. 34 inch.
Habitat : California (middle Sierras).
A. dolorosa, sp. nov.
Moderately depressed, black, erect hairs rather long, fine, fuscous, slightly inter- mixed with pale, especially towards the sides of the elytra ; elytra marked with very small yellow spots which tend to arrange themselves in four transverse lines. The spots are always small, frequently nearly obsolete or in part wanting, and never co- alescent into anything like a fascia. Head with fine vertical carina. Thorax twice as wide as long, widest at or a little before the base, not or scarcely wider than the elytra, lateral margin inferior posteriorly ; surface closely rather coarsely punctate. Elytra gradually narrowed to apical third, strice distinct except on basal half of disk, punctures rather coarse. Presternum very feebly sinuate in front ; abdomen sparsely punctate, erect hairs rather sparse and pale in color ; last ventral with small apical plate. Length, 7-8.5 mm., .28-. 34 inch.
Habitat : Thirteen examples are before me, all taken in Los An- geles County, Cal.
Dolorosa closely resembles the rnore feebly maculate specimens of angelica, but aside from prosternal difference, the general form is less parallel and more depressed, the sculpture coarser, the last ventral broader at apex, with the apical plate more broadly arcuate. The re- semblance to small specimens of fenyesi is also quite close, but this latter may always be distinguished by the strongly toothed front mar- gin of the prosternum, and the more hairy ventral surface. A. postica, sp. nov.
Moderately robust, subcylindrical, scarcely depressed, coppery bronze, elytra each with two subapical marginal red spots. Erect hairs fuscous, mixed with grayish on the head, thorax, and towards the sides of the elytra. Head with vertical carina. Thorax not wider than the elytra, twice as wide as long, parallel in basal half, thence moderately rounded and narrowed to apex ; lateral margin visible from above only in front ; disk rather sparsely, sides densely punctate. Elytra parallel to apical third, striae impressed only at sides and apex, punctures rather fine, intervals flat, uniseri- ately punctate. Front margin of prosternum nearly straight ; abdomen finely sparsely punctate, last ventral with ill-defined apical crest.' Length, 8 mm., .32 inch.
Habitat : California (Los Angeles Co.).
A single specimen collected by Mr. Coquillett and now in the National Museum collection. X. horni, sp. nov.
Moderately depressed, black, prothorax and under surface slightly bronzed sparsely clothed above with fine dark erect hairs, beneath with pale hairs ; elytra with
26 Journal New Yokk Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
the sides yellow from base to apex, the inner margin of the yellow border sending projections to the fourth stria near the base, at the middle and at the apical third, that at the middle being broadest. Front feebly impressed, vertical carina indistinct. Thorax a little more than twice as wide as long, sides nearly evenly, rather strongly rounded from base to apex ; widest at middle, where it is just perceptibly wider than the elytra ; lateral margin visible from above except posteriorly ; surface evenly not densely punctate on the disk, more coarsely and densely at the sides. Elytra nearly parallel in basal three-fifths, then acutely narrowed : strial punctures moderate, finer on the disk as usual, fifth interval somewhat elevated. Prosternal margin nearly straight in front ; abdomen rather finely, closely punctate, the basal and terminal seg- ments less closely at middle, and somewhat more coarsely ; last ventral without apical plate. Length, II mm., .44 inch.
Habitat: Arizona. A single specimen in the Horn collection.
A. daggetti, sp. nov.
Form rather slender, elongate, feebly depressed, black with faint tinge of blue ; erect hairs sparse, brownish, intermixed with paler at sides. Thorax with sides yel- low in basal two thirds, elytra each with basal and apical spot, and about five inter- mediate more or less irregular transverse fascite, which do not reach the suture and are more or less confluent along the margin. Head closely punctate, deeply im- pressed, vertical carina distinct. Thorax scarcely twice as wide as long, widest a little behind the middle, sides broadly rounded, base not much wider than apex ; sur- face rather closely evenly punctate, impressions moderate ; lateral margin narrow, not distinctly visible posteriorly from above. Elytra not wider than the thora.K, gradually feebly narrowed to apical third, strial punctures rather fine, intervals flat on the disk, convex at sides, the outer three each bearing in a little more than apical half a row of acute tubercles, which are most pronounced on the outer interval, and quite conceal the usual serration of the margin when viewed from above. Beneath clothed with rather sparse grayish hairs ; prosternum emarginate in front, abdomen moderately finely, not densely punctate, last ventral with broad apical plate, its free edge thin and broadly evenly rounded. Length, 8-1 1 mm., .32-. 44 inch.
Habitat: Arizona (Tucson and Fort Hiiachuca). Eight examples; collections of Daggett, Fuchs, and National Museum.
A very pretty and graceful species which I take pleasure in naming in honor of Mr. F. S. Daggett, to whom I am indebted for the speci- mens in my cabinet. The tuberculate elytral intervals readily dis- tinguish it from any other species known to me.
A. decipiens Lee, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., 1866, p. 383.
At once known among the members of this group by the rather broad reflexed thoracic margin, which is plainly visible throughout from above. Scalaris is the only other species with the thoracic mar- gin similarly visible, but it is here much narrower and not reflexed, while the form is stouter and the markings quite diff'erent. Decipiens re- sembles more closely amabilis and opacula of the Sinuata^ than any species
Mar. 1S99.] Fall: On American Species of Acm/Eodera. 27
of the present group, and the prosternal characters are not so different as to prevent the confusion. Decipietis is however separable from these with certainty by the thora.K being much less narrowed in front, and by the thinner, more broadly rounded or subtruncate ventral plate. The markings are also more irregular than in the species mentioned. Length, 7.5-10.5 mm.-, .30-. 42 inch.
Habitat : New Mexico and Arizona.
The only specimens before me with definite locality label are from Fort Huachuca, southeastern Arizona, collection of Mr. Daggett. A. scalaris Mann., Bull. Mosc, 1837, VIII, p. 25.
A moderately large robust species, black, scarcely bronzed elytra each with a lateral and discal yellow stripe in basal half, and some more or less confused markings posteriorly. The figure and descrip- tion of Horn are sufficient for the recognition of this species which does not seem to vary much. Length, 9.5-11 mm., .38-. 44 inch.
Habitat: Texas, Arizona, New Mexico (Las Cruces, on Verbesina encelioides, Cockerell). Mannerheim's name is believed to apply to the insect afterward described by Gory as iniina and must therefore supplant it on our list.
AcMiEODERvE Truncate.
It is not possible to more sharply define the limits of the present group than is done in the preliminary table, in which it is said to con- tain those species in which the front margin of the prosternum is not or but little retracted, and usually nearly straight. The proper inter- pretation of the prosternal characters requires so much familiarity with the range both of specific and individual variation, that members of the group at hand wall be perhaps more surely recognized by their small size and narrow convex form than by any other characters. No species of this group is notably depressed, none are in the least costate, all except the first four and cribricollis are below medium size (.30 inch or less), the hairy vestiture is generally shorter and coarser than in preceding sections, and the thoracic impressions are reduced to little more than basal foveae. Mariposa has been transferred to the Emargi- natjfi for reasons already given ; on the other hand stigmata and bivulnera are placed here rather than in the Sinuatae as indicated by Dr. Horn, since with the exception of the prosternum their general structure and facies is entirely in accord with typical Truncatae. Nor is precedent lacking for such a course, inasmuch as guttifera and
28 Journal New York Entomological Society. ivoi vii.
versuta, both of which were placed in the Truncatje by Horn, are nearly as aberrant in prosternal structure. These four species, with opinabills, in which tlie prosternal margin is obviously sinuate and a little retracted are the only ones that need mention as being conspic- uously irregular in this respect. The subapical ventral plate or crest is moderately thin and regular in alicia, piilchclla, obtiisa and texana, (doubtful in censors'), and thick or lacking in the remaining species. I have used iiihulus Fab., in place of ciilta Web., in deference to the authors of the Catalogus and Biologia who may be presumed to have a reason for giving priority to the former, though the works of both Fabricius and Weber bear the date 1801. The following table will probably suffice for the identification of most specimens :
Antenns; with the fifth joint suddenly broader than the fourth, which is cylindrical.. I
Antennix" gracually broader from the third joint, the fourth joint similar in form to the
fifth 9
1. Last ventral without subapical crest 7
Last ventral with more or less distinct subapical crest (feeble or absent mopiii-
abilii ) 2
2. Thorax without yellow marginal spot ( except o/>inal>ilis) 3
Thorax with yellow spot at sides. i
Sides of thorax narrowing from base to apex.
Forni narrower, hairs of upper surface nearly white alicia. •
Form stouter,- hairs of upper surface brownish pulchella.
Sides of thorax more strongly rounded, widest a little behind the middle. -<(2uf ' ^L
obtusa. ^'^
3. Thorax wider than the elytra, discal imjjressions as in preceding groups.
consors. ,
Thorax not wider than the elytra, discal impressions feeble 4 ]
4. Subapical crest of last ventral with thin edge, which is broadly evenly rounded. !
texana.
Subapical crest of last ventral thick, more or less irregular 5
Color blue, or blue green, elytra with red marginal spots 6
5. Color piceous, more or less bronzed, elytra with yellow markings.
Hind tarsi a little shorter than half the tibin?, hairs of upper surface short, seti- form. Front margin of prosternum straight, thorax without yellow marginal spot.
subbalteata.
Front margin of prosternum distinctly sinuate, thorax with yellow spot at
sides opinabilis.
Hind tarsi distinctly longer than half the tibia% hairs of upper surface fine and rather long versuta.
6. Prosternum with a stout tooth each side the middle sinus Stigmata. ^
Prosternum with a short broad lobe at middle which is broadly emarginate with
rounded angles bivulnera.
Mar. 1899] Fall: On American Species of Acm^.odera. , 20
7. Last ihree ventral segments densely finely punctate and clothed with long fine
hairs which curve forward guttifera.
Ventral segments normally punctate and pubescent 8
8. Thorax densely cribrately punctate, size larger — .30 inch or more. , . . cribricollis. Thorax more or less closely punctate but never cribrate at the middle ; size never
exceeding .30 inch, and usually much less. Elytra maculate.
Larger, more pointed behind, clypeus very broadly emarginate. . .conoidea. Smaller, less pointed behind, clypeus more deeply emarginate.
Generally larger, more shining, elytral intervals wider, spots dis- tinctly separated, front niipressed tubulus.
Smaller, less shining, elytral intervals narrower, spots always con- fluent, front convex neglecta.
Elytra vittate quadrivlttata.
6. Vestiture of under surface scale-like insignis.
Vestiture of under surface hairy gemina.
A. censors ^(^/vz, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 20, PI. I, Fig. 30.
I have seen only the type in the Leconte collection and can add nothing to the original description. It is said to be distinguished from any in this group by the sculpture of the prothorax being like that of the preceding group. There is accordingly to the description a "short subapical ventral carina," but in the present condition of the type it is not sufficiently clearly visible to determine its character. Length, 7.5 mm., .30 inch.
Habitat : Texas. A. pulchella I/crht, Col., IX, p. 211, PL CLIV, Fig. 6, a, b.
Our most widely distributed and best known species. Length, 5.5-10 mm., .22-.40 inch.
Habitat: Pennsylvania to Florida and westward to eastern California.
A specimen submitted by Professor Cockerell is labeled "Red Mesa, N. Mex. , on Opimtia, June. ' ' A. obtusa ^^r;;. Trans. Am. Ent Soc, VII, p. 19, PI. I, Fig. 29.
Resembles some varieties of pulchella, but is inore obtuse behind and with the thorax widest near the middle instead of at the base. There is also a well-defined greenish-blue surface lustre in place of the bronze of pulchella. The elytral fasciae are sometimes completely broken up into small spots. Length, 8-10 mm., .32-. 40 inch.-
Habitat : Texas. A. alicia, sp. nov.
Elongate, subcylindrical, black with faint tinge of blue, thorax with lateral mar-
30 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
gin yellow in basal two-thirds, elytra each with margin beneath the humerus, sculellar spot, and four transverse bands which extend from the side margin to the sutural in- terval, yellow. Head closely punctate, vertical carina distinct. Thorax rather less than twice as wide as long, moderately rounded and narrowed in front, side margin not visible from above, dorsal impressions feeble, the lateral terminating in punctiform basal fove^e ; punctuation a little finer at the middle, but dense and nearly uniform throughout. Elytra as wide at base as the thorax, rather gradually narrowed to apex, striae and punctures moderate, intervals with the usual series of punctures. Hairs of upper surface whitish, inclined backward on the elytra, and forward on the thorax. Presternum truncate in front, .sparsely punctate at middle ; abdomen rather closely not coarsely punctate, the punctures nearly uniform in size and distribution ; last ventral with distinct apical plate, the free edge thin and feebly arcuate. Length, 9.5 mm., .38 inch.
Habitat: California (Los Angeles Co.), Arizona.
A single specimen from the former locality in the National Museum collection was captured by Mr. Coquillett and has served as the basis of the above description. I have seen three others in the Horn col- lection (there placed with decipiens') from Arizona. The hind tarsi are unusually short, barely equalling one-half the tibiae. A. texana Z^r., Trans. Am. Phil. Soc, Ser. 2, Vol. XI, p. 228.
A small species of the same general aspect as tuhilus and neglecta, but the hairs are fine and longer, and the ventral plate is thin and well-developed ; the thorax is also less narrowed in front. Length, 6.5 mm., .26 inch.
Habitat: Texas. ' I know of no examples except the single specimens in the Leconte and Horn cabinets. A. subbalteata Lcc, New Species, 1863, p. 82.
Known only by the unique type in the Leconte cabinet. I have seen two examples from New Mexico, which either belong here or to a closely allied species, but renewed comparison with the type would be necessary to decide the question. Length, 6 mm., .24 inch.
Habitat : Peninsula of California. A. opinabilis, sp. nov.
Moderately convex, subopaque, the thorax less dull and slightly bronzed, elytra ornate with yellow, upper surface with short whitish suberect sette which are coarser toward the apex. Head densely punctate, vertex carinate. Thorax scarcely twice as wide as long, sides arcuate and widest a little in front of the base ; surface densely punctate, basal foveas as in ciilta, sides with yellow spot. Elytra a trifle narrower than the thorax, gradually narrowed behind, punctures of stria: coarse, intervals rather narrower than the striae. The maculation may be described as consisting of about four irregular transverse spots which tend to coalesce longitudinally Abdomen
Mar. 1899] Fall: On American Species of AcMi^ODERA. 31
coarsely rather closely punctate, last ventral without or with a trace of a thick sub- apical carina. Prosternum sinuate in front and nearly attaining at the sides the an- terior angles of the thorax. Hind tarsi barely as long as half the tibia;. Length, 6-7.5 mm., .24-. 28 inch.
Habitat : Lower California (San Jose del Cabo).
Mixed with the typical specimens above described are smaller ex- amples having the same general appearance but differing quite con- stantly in being more pointed behind, in lacking the thoracic spot, in the posternum being almost without trace of sinuation in front, and in the better developed carina of the last ventral. It will be noted that these differences are, except the first, precisely those used to dis- tinguish suhbalteata from opinabilis, but whether they are a variety of opiiiabilis or of suhbalteata, or a new species, or whether all three are one, is a question for the future student to answer. The specimens before me were received from Mr. Fuchs and bear the label '^ texana teste Horn ;" there must however be some mistake here, as the speci- mens in the Horn cabinet are not placed with texatia nor does the latter name appear on the list of species from Lower California.
A. tubulus i^^/;., Syst. EL, H, p. 200; cii/ta Web. Obs. Ent., I,
P- 75-
No comment on this species seems necessary. It is closely allied to neglecta, but the tabular characters are, I think, sufiicient to separ- ate it. Length, 5-7.5 mm., .20-. 30 inch.
Habitat : Eastern United States extending to Texas.
A. neglecta, sp. nov.
This name is proposed for a form occurring abundantly in Texas and heretofore considered merely a form of tubulus. The characters given for its separation in the table, viz. — generally smaller size, con- vex nearly unimpressed front, narrower elytral internals, and confluent markings are so constant in the large series at hand that I am con- vinced of its distinctness. I have seen one specimen of tubulus from Texas, differing scarcely at all from the typical eastern form. Length, 4.2—5.6 mm., .17-. 23 inch.
Habitat : Texas.
A. conoidea, sp. nov.
Convex, pointed behind, surface dull, clothed with short coarse setiform hairs ; thorax unicolored, elytra with an irregular median yellow stripe formed by the coalescence of the usual spots. Head coarsely closely punctate, the punctures shal- low ; front feebly convex scarcely impressed at middle, vertical carina obsolete, cly-
32 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vn.
peus very broadly emarginate. Thorax widest a little before the base, not wider than the elytra, sides moderately rounded, surface rather densely punctate, impressions nearly obsolete, the three basal fovese as usual in the group. Elytra with moderately coarsely punctate stride, intervals subequal in width to the stria; on the disk, the ninth and tenth wider. Beneath closely quite strongly punctate, abdomen somewhat .shin- ing and with greenish surface lustre ; last ventral without apical crest. Prosternum with the front margin nearly straight from side to side Length, 5.7-7.6 mm., .23-. 30 inch.
Habitat: Arizona.
A small series in the Horn collection without more definite locality. The markings are much like those in ueglecta, but the larger size, more pointed elytra and much more broadly emarginate clypeus will easily distinguish it from either ncglccta or tiihiilus with which it must be as- sociated. The ungual teeth are acute and nearly as long as the claw in the male, less acute and more basal in the female. In neglecta and more notably in tiilnilus the ungual teeth are blunt or even truncate at tip.
A. stigmata Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, p. 370, PL VII, Fig. 2.
Superficially not distinguishable from the next, which see for a statement of differences. Length, 5.8-8 mm., .23-. 31 inch.
Habitat : Lower California (San Josedel Cabo), Arizona (Tucson).
A. bivulnera Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, p. 371.
Distinct by its color from everything else in our fauna except stigmata, from which it is separated, aside from prosternal characters, by the denser recumbent white hairs broadly clothing the sides of the metathorax and abdomen, and the abruptly denser punctuation of the abdomen beginning with the second segment. This last character has been noted previously in pubiventris, and again appears in gibbiila. Length, 6.2-7.5 mm., .25-. 30 inch.
Habitat: Arizona (Tucson).
A. versuta Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 21, PI. I, Fig. 33. The distinguishing characters of this species are the strongly rounded sides of the prothorax which is widest at the middle and a little sinuate before the hind angles ; the strongly sinuate sides of the elytra ; the vestiture, which is relatively longer and finer than in any other species of this group, and the sinuate prosternal margin, the mid- dle sinus limited by more or less prominent cusps. The disparity in the punctuation of the ventral segments mentioned by Horn is scarcely at all appreciable in any of the five examples before me. Length, 6-6.5 mm., .24-. 26 inch.
Mar. .8,9 1 FaLL : ON AMERICAN SPECIES OF ACM/F.ODEKA. 33
Habitat: California. The type from Mariposa, other examples from Los Angeles county.
An odd little species and apparently rare.
A. guttifera Lee, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., 1859, p. 72.
In the strongly sinuate sides of the elytra and shape of the pro- thorax this species closely resembles vcrsuia ; it is however distinctly larger and at once separable from this and every other species by the extraordinary ventral character mentioned in the table.
In the Leconte collection are three examples : the type from Fort Tejon, California, the other two from Arizona. The type has the pro- sternum noticeably retracted and with distinct prominences, the elytral strife not impressed on the disk, the intervals uniseriately punctate, the vestiture of the upper surface consisting of moderately long fine erect hairs. In the Arizona examples both upper and under surface are clothed with broad plumose recumbent scales, the form is stouter, the stride impressed throughout, intervals more or less convex, the sutural quite irregularly densely punctate, the second somewhat so and others having a tendency toward irregularity though apparently offering only a single series of punctures ; the posternum less markedly sinuate in front, in one example nearly reaching the front angles, and in the other falling a little short ; prothorax more densely punctate. These differences would seem amply sufficient for specific distinction, but the matter is complicated by the presence of a specimen collected at Big Springs, Texas, by ^Ir. Wickham, in which the vestiture is as nearly as possible intermediate between the two forms mentioned above, con- sisting of semirecumbent squamiform seta^ which become hair-like on the prothorax and broader, more recumbent and plumose at the sides of the elytra ; the form narrower than in the Arizona specimens, the prosternum more strongly sinuate than either and the elytral intervals with single series of punctures which are however somewhat irregular. It is not likely that the above forms represent three distinct species, at all events it would not be wise to attempt their definition without a much larger material than exists at present in collections. Length, 6.8-7 rnm., .27-. 28 inch.
Habitat: California (Fort Tejon — Leconte, Los Angeles County — Van Dyke), Arizona, Texas (Big Springs — Wickham).
A. cribricollis Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, p. 375, PI. VII, Fig. 4. The cribrate punctate thorax distinguishes this species from all ex-
34 Journal New York Entomological Society, [voi. vil
cept ge/m'ua, and cubcccola ; the former is much smaller and has dif- ferent antennae, and the latter is different in every respect. Following Horn's description I have placed cribricollis among those species hav- ing the last ventral unmodified, but a specimen in my collection which almost surely belongs here, has a well-defined thick sub-apical crest. Length, 8-10 mm., .32-. 40 inch. Habitat: Texas.
A. quadrivittata Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 23, PI. I,
Fig. 37-
Cannot be mistaken for anything else. The yellow vittre are often so broad as to leave only the suture and a narrow stripe beginning at the humeral umbone dark. The thorax is always distinctly shining with the punctures on the disk well separated. Length, 4- 5-5- 5 mm., . 1 8-. 22 inch.
Habitat : Occurs from El Paso, Texas, to the Mojave Desert in California.
A. insignis Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad Sci., IV, p. 377.
Our tiniest species. The type is the only specimen known. Length, 4 mm., .16 inch.
Habitat : Lower California (San Raymundo) ; on cactus.
A. gemina Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 23, PI. I, Fig.
37 ; nebulosa Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, p. 376.
I have been quite unable to discover characters which will permit the retaining of nebulosa as distinct from gemina. The only differ- ences mentioned by Horn are those of size and markings, both of which are of no value whatever, as is amply shown by the dozen or more ex- amples which I have examined. Typical gemina — that form with sharply defined elytral vittae — is exceptional ; from this there is a grad- ual transition to the more common ;/^/w/(?j-a form with elytra intricately maculate. There is a noticeable variation in the density and rugosity of the abdominal punctuation, but in all specimens, with a single ex- ception, the surface of the basal segments is smooth and shining be- tween the punctures, at least at the middle, becoming more rugulose and subopaque toward the apex. In the exception noted — a speci- men taken by me on Mt. Tamalpais near San Francisco — the en- tire abdomen is alutaceo-rugulose and opaque. I prefer to consider this an extreme variation until further specimens appear. Length, 5-6.1 mm., .20-. 25 inch.
War. 1899] Fall: On American Species of Acm.^odera. 35
Habitat : Occurs in California from Siskiyou to Los Angeles and San Barnardino Cos.
ACI\L«ODER.« LOBAT.B.
Two species are here added to gibbula which alone formerly con- stituted this group. They agree in having the prosternum more or less prominently lobed at middle, the sides reaching the front angles. They are not otherwise closely related, ciibcecola indeed being de- cidedly aberrant.
They easily separate as follows :
Prosternal lobe less prominent, rounded, not emarginate ; last ventral without apical
crest cubscola.
Prosternal lobe more prominent, angulate at sides with the summit emarginate ; last ventral with apical crest. Elytra not carinate, not produced at apex, yellow spots much larger and less
numerous gibbula.
Elytra caudate, third and fifth elytral intervals subcarinate in basal half, yellow spots much smaller and more numerous grif f ithi.
A. cubaecola Duv., Ins. Cuba, 1857, p. 57.
Depressed, opaque, rusty black, elytra variegated with yellow. Thorax wider than the elytra, very coarsely cribrately punctate, hind angles broadly yellow above, more narrowly beneath. Elytra with closely placed striffi of coarse rounded punc- tures, intervals narrow, not well defined. Beneath coarsely punctate, the abdomen less coarsely so toward the tip, the last ventral without crest. Prosternum with short, broad median lobe, truncate with rounded angles. Length, 6-7 mm., .25-28 inch.
Habitat : One example from the National Museum labelled Key Largo, Fla. ; another kindly given me by Mr. Henry Wenzel is labeled simply " Fla.," but is doubtless also from one of the Keys.
This species even more than ciiprina possesses a facies that stamps it at once as an interloper. In only one other species — robusta — is the margin of the thorax in part yellow beneath as well as above, and in no other are the punctures at the middle of the first abdominal segment coarser than at the sides and apex.
A. gibbula Lee, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., 1858, p. 69; delumbis
Horn, Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci., IV, p. 378.
This species is generally well known and needs little comment. The punctuation of the thorax and abdomen varies somewhat in den- sity, and the thorax is either unspotted or with two marginal spots. The ventral plate is truly apical, giving the appearance of a double margin; it is thin and nearly hyperbolical' in outline. I have care- fully compared the types of delumbis with a long series of gibbula and
36 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol vil
have no hesitation in announcing the above synonymy. Length, 10-12 mm., .40-. 48 inch.
Habitat : Desert regions of Southern California, Arizona, New Mexico (near Rincon, Cockerell), Peninsula of California (Cape region). A. griffithi, sp. nov.
Broad, depressed, piceous, thorax slightly purplish bronzed, elytra with faint tinge of blue, maculate over their entire surface, with small yellow spots, and each with a series of about seven similar red spots extending from the umbone to the tip ; the two or three apical spots tending to coalesce. Upper .surface sparsely clothed with short erect blackish hairs, beneath with more abundant whitish hairs which are longer and denser at the sides, especially of the metasternum. Head closely deeply punctate, longitudinally broadly impressed. Thorax unicolored, twice as wide as long, sides regularly arcuately narrowed from Ijase to apex ; impressions broad and deep, surface closely punctate, side margin narrow, not visible behind from above. Elytra as wide at base as thorax, sinuately very feel)ly narrowed to beyond the middle, then strongly narrowed to the tips which are conjointly jnoduced much after the manner of certain Dicercas ; strire impressed, with coarse deep rounded punctures, second, third and fifth intervals more convex, especially toward the base ; fourth, sixth and seventh nearly obliterated by the approximation of the stride ; intervals with single series of distant fine punctures. Beneath densely but not very coarsely punctate throughout ; presternum produced in front in a subrectangular lobe which is feebly emarginate in front ; last ventral with distinct subapical carina. Length, 13 mm., .52 inch.
Habitat: Arizona (Tempe Desert).
This fine species is dedicated with much pleasure to Dr. H. G. Griffith, of Philadelphia, to whose liberality I am indebted for this and other interesting additions to my cabinet.
ACM/EODER^ CiRACI LI FORMES.
Two species, alacris and comata, were separated from all others by Dr. Horn on account of their unusually long slender tarsi. In cotnata the hind tarsi are sul)equal in length to the tibiae and in alacris are much longer than half the tibiae. These two species are furthermore peculiar by their very narrow form which is strongly arched above from head to tip and by the third, fifth and seventh elytral intervals being subcostiform. The following are the characters given by Dr. Horn for their separation.
Prosternum emarginate at middle and on each side angulate, sXx attaining the anterior angles. Thorax above unicolored. Abdomen more densely punctured at the sides with longer hair comata.
Prosternum squarely truncate beneath, alas attaining the angles. Thorax above yel- low at the sides. Abdomen ver}' sparsely punctured alacris.
Mar. 1893. J Smith : On New Species of Moths. 37
A. comata Lee, Proc. Acad. Sc. Phil., 1858, p. 70. Length, 9.5
mm., .38 inch.
Habitat: : " One specimen from near Fort Yuma, California." A. alacris Horn, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, VII, p. 25, PI. I,
Fig. 40. Length, 9 mm., .36 inch.
Habitat : "One specimen given to Dr. Leconte by Dr. Sharp, of Scotland, collected by Mr. Hardy in the .same region with the pre- ceding."
I am not aware of the existence of any specimens of these species other than the types, and it is a little peculiar, if the above localities are correct, that one or the other should not have turned up again in all the collecting which has since been done in the same region.
NOTES ON SCOTOGRAMMA AND ONCOCNEMIS WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES.
By John B. Smith, Sc.D.
Oncocnemis barnesii, sp. nov.
Head and collar rich sienna brown. Thorax powdered with whitish and gray, darker posteriorly. Primaries ashen gray at the base, brown beyond the t. p. line. T. a. line black, single, broad, with an even and slight outcurve. T. p. line black, single, broad, the edges not sharply defined, almost upright. In the dusky portion of the wing beyond this line the veins are marked with black scales and there are black streaks in the interspace. There is a black terminal line, followed by a pale line at the base of the fringes. Ordinary spots entirely wanting. Secon- daries whitish at base, shading to almost blackish at the fringes which themselves are white. Beneath whitish, a little powdery. Expanse, 1.50 inches = 37 mm.
Habitat : Yellowstone Park, Wyo. , in August ; Dr. Barnes.
A single female example of this very strongly marked species is at hand. There is nothing like it in the genus, and the two simple trans- verse black lines on the gray ground will suffice to identify it. It has something the appearance of atrifasciata without the dark median filling.
Oncocnemis melantho, sp. nov.
Ground color is a mottling of white, gray, black and ocher yellow. Head ocher yellow with some black scales intermingled. Collar yellow with a blackish central band. Thorax mottled, blackish and white, with the tip of the basal tuft yellowish.
38 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI.vil
Primaries with all the markings fragmentary. The extreme base of the wing is whit- ish to the black basal line. T. a. line obscurely geminate, the inner part very feebly marked. The outer portion of the line black, oblique to the submedian vein then with an abrupt outcurve. The basal space is black marked on the costa, then there is a whitish shade to the median vein ; below this is an ocher yellow shade to the sub- median vein which is black marked ; below this point it is gray, shading outwardly to ocherous. T. p. line geminate, the outer portion obscure, except on the costa, inner line narrow, black, denticulate on the veins ; as a whole with a moderate outcurve over the reniforn and an almost equal incurve below. White scales follow the outer points of the line and the veins through the s. t. space are more or less white pow- dered. The median shade is broad, black and irregular, rather the best defined marking of the wing. The median space is yellowish through the center, grayish through the cell and white marked along the costa. The s. t. line is broken, ir- regular and marked principally by preceding or following dark shades. The most prominent black shading is on the costa. Another is about the middle of the s. t. space, but is strongly gray powdered. Another shade is on the internal margin and this is also powdered with gray. As a whole the s. t. space may be said to be ocher yellow, palest on the costa and mottled with gray and black scales. The terminal space is mostly gray, with black shadings in the interspaces. There is a broken black terminal line, the fringes are long, yelloM'ish, cut with smoky on the interspaces. The claviform is indefined, ocher yellow. The orbicular is almost round, just a little elongate, whitish, with a few gray central scales. The reniform is a broad lunule out- lined by blackish scales, yellow, with a smoky center. Secondaries black at base and outwardly, with a pale straw yellow, central band in which the veins are black marked, and there is a black discal lunule. The fringes are white. Beneath creamy white ; both wings with broad black outer margins. Primaries with a black discal spot and the indications of a median band on the costa. The secondaries have the median band fully developed There is a discal spot, and beyond it indications of an extra median band, which is marked only on the veins. Expanse, 1. 36 inches = 34 mm.
Habitat: Yosemite Valley, California.
A single specimen was received from Dr. H. G. Dyar, and is numbered 9615. It is a difficult creature to describe owing to the peculiar mottlings. The most prominent feature of the forewing is the black median shade and beyond this the blackish shading in the s. t. space which, however, is broken. It is quite probable that in other specimens the mottling may be somewhat differently distributed. The species belongs with fasciata and pudorata in which the seconda- ries are similar ; but in the mottled primaries it is unique.
Oncocnemis pohono, sp. nov.
Ground color a dark smoky fuscous. Head and thorax without defined mark- ings ; but powdered by a few white scales. Primaries very even in color with the maculation very simply written. Basal line geminate, black. The included space with a very few white scales. T. a. line l)lack, single, preceded by a few white
Mar. 1899.] Smith: On New Species of Moths. 39
scales, with three unequal outcurves ; the line as a whole only a little outwardly 'oblique. T. p. line single, black, followed by white scales, marked by little black points on the veins, very abruptly bent below the costa and then very evenly oblique to the hind margin ; broken, however, by a feeble incurve below the center of the wing. The claviform is not visible in the specimen. The orbicular very small, round, marked only by an obscure black circlet. Reniform very narrow, lunulate, defined by white scales which give rather a strong contrast. S. t. line irregularly diffuse below. There is a series of narrow black terminal lunules. Secondaries pale at base, becoming smoky outwardly, with an irregular pale line at the base of the fringes which are white tipped. Beneath powdery, ashen gray, the secondaries more whitish toward the base and with a dusky discal spot. Expanse, 1. 28 inches = 32 mm.
Habitat : High Sierras, California.
A single male was received from Mr. H. G. Dyar, numbered 1 1 138. The name is given at his suggestion and is the Indian term for the Bridal Veil Falls near which, as I understand it, the speci- men was taken. The species is quite unlike any other referred to this genus, and this may not be its best place, eventually. It has, how- ever, the essential characters of the genus to which I have referred it, and it is so well marked that its recognition should not be difficult. An accident has rendered the type defective ; but all the wings are in good condition.
Oncocnemis melalutea, sp. nov.
Ground color a powdery clay yellow. The powdering made up of gray with a few black scales. Head blackish in front. Collar with a black line at base and a white line just below the tip, which is gray. Patagise marked with gray scales. Primaries with all the markings present, the basal space and all beyond the t. p. line quite strongly gray powdered, leaving the comparatively clear median space somewhat in relief. Basal line geminate, blacki.sh, the inner line best marked, reaching to the submedian interspace and inclosing a little area which is hardly powdery. T. a. line geminate, blackish, the outer portion of the line best defined ; as a whole oblique, a little irregular, but hardly lunulate. T. p. line geminate, blackish brown, strongly outcurved over the cell and well incurved below. The outer portion of the line is ab- sorbed in the dark color of the s. t. space, leaving on the veins a seiies of white dots that serve to emphasize the otherwise obscure marking. A median shade is traceable on the costa ; but is hardly visible below that point The s t. line is marked by a series of white dots, which are very irregularly set and can hardly be said to have any connection between them. There is a broken blackish terminal line and the fringes are of the yellowish ground color cut with smoky at the interspaces. The claviform is small, of the ground color, outlined by a few smoky scales. Orbicular round or nearly so, paler than the ground color, outlined by smoky scales. The reniform is moderate in size, broad, somewhat kidney-shaped, paler than the ground color, with a dusky lunule, defined by slightly darker scales. Secondaries a glistening, yellowish white at the base, with a blackish outer border, before which is a trace of a blarkish
40 Journal New Vork Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
line. The fringes are white beneath, both wings \vhiti.sh toward the base, with a broad, smoky outer border ; the secondaries in addition with a smoky extra-median line, a trace of which is also seen on the primaries. Expanse, 1. 20 inches = 30 mm.
Habitat : Foothills near Denver, Colorada (Bruce).
The type is a female which has been in my possession for a long time awaiting the advent of a male. None has been received ; but as the species seems very distinct I have given it a name. It may be as- sociated with lioDwgcua, although it is much less sharply marked than that s])ecies.
Oncocnemis corusca, sp. nov.
Head, thorax and primaries blackish, more or less mixed with white scales. Head pale powdered, below the vertex more evenly blackish. Thorax without dis- tinct tufting, the scales tipping collar and patagice w^hite. Primaries veiy dark to the t. p. line with the markings veiy obscurely marked ; the vestiture a little glistening. Basal line marked with gray, and the extreme base of the wing is Cjuite strongly powdered with similar scales. The t. a. line is hardly traceable ; but its position is indicated by gray scales. T. p. line white, very obscurely marked to vein 4 ; bu below that point easily traceable through the blackish ground color. S. t. line white, distinct only near the hind angle. The orbicular is small, round, defined by a whitish ring. Reniform moderate in size, kidney-shaped, whitish with a smoky curved line, and from this point begins a whitish powdering that obscures the outer margin of the reniform as well as the upper jiart of the t. p. line. There is a series of obscure dark terminal lunules. The abdomen is yellowish. Secondaries orange yellow, with a well-defined moderate black outer border; the fringes white. Beneath, primaries smoky, with a yellowish tinge, without obvious markings. Secondaries yellow, with a blackish outer border and a blackish shading in the costal region. Expanse, 1. 08 inches ^= 27 mm.
Habitat: Los Angeles, California; Yosemite, California.
I have two male specimens of this species, one of them received from Mr. H. G. Dyar and numbered 9040, taken by Lembert in the Yosemite Valley, the other taken by myself. The species differs ob- viously from the other yellow winged species of Oncocnemis by the ob- scure marking of the primaries and the somewhat glistening vestiture. In all the other species the markings are quite sharply defined.
Scotogramma Smith.
The species of this genus are increasing in number and several un- described forms occur in collections. Five of these are in sufficient numbers to warrant description. Plve species were recognized in 1889 and differen*:iated in Vol. XII, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., p. 462. Of these I knew the male of one species only. Three species have been since described, but the sexual characters have not been figured.
Mar. 1899.] Smith : On New Species of Moths. 41
Males of eight species are now in hand and will be figured when op- portunity serves. It will be noted that phoca, unifonnis, i/ifiiscafa, hitcola and discolor agree very closely in general type while sufficiently dissimilar to avoid confusion. The harpes are all a little bent and in each case there are two corneous claspers ; the inner longer and more dense in texture, the outer nearer the tip, lying under the other and much lighter in color.
The sketch of subrnarina on PI. XXII, Fig. 17, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. , XII, shows an essentially different structure in which both harpe and clasper are concerned. There is a distinct tendency toward some of the species of Mamestra ; but indeed the other type finds almost equally close relatives in that genus.
The structures in 5. deusa and S. inegiei-a differ from the others in the widest possible way, while so closely alike that I was strongly inclined to consider the species identical on this character alone. Yet they differ so much in superficial appearance that I have risked a new name, par- ticularly as the localities in which the two species were found are widely separated and thus far no great range of variation has been noted in the species. I have no males of the described perplexa, con- cifina and umbrosa, nor of sedilis and conjugata described in this paper. All these forms are related to each other more nearly than to any of the other species, and it is passing strange that females should be so much the more commonly found.
Scotogramma conjugata, sp. nov.
Ground color ashen gray powdered with smoky and blackish. Palpi reddish brown ; the head darker brown in front. Collar with a central black line, below which it is smoky to the head, the tip being very pale gray. The patagire are crossed by an oblique black line and the posterior tuft is also black marked. Primaries with all the marking fairly visible. The basal space is grayer than the rest of the wing, and is rather larger than usual, because of the distance of the t. a. line from the base. The basal line is black, .single, very distinct, outcurved between the veins and reach- ing the s. m. vein. T. a. line single, black, a little diffuse, evenly oblique to the s. m. interspace ; then with a slight incurve to the inner margin. T. p. line blackish, single, lunulate, followed by rather feebly marked pale lunules, strongly bent over the cell and then rather deeply incurved below. A smoky shade on the costa marks the beginning of the s. t. line ; but beyond this point it is lost in the uniform gray of the space beyond the t. p. line. There is a vague shading between the veins in the ter- minal space in one of the specimens before me. The orbicular is black-ringed and extends the full distance between the median lines, so that they are completely con- nected. As a whole the median space is a trifle darker than any other portion of the wing. The ordinary spots are grayish, incompletely outlined, of moderate size and
42 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vil
best marked l^y the black filling between them. There is a broken smoky line at the base of the fringes. Secondaries smoky fuscous with a vague trace of a median line. Beneath, fringes powdered ; both wings with an outer line which is barely traceable on the fore wings ; the hind wings with a discal spot. Expanse, 1. 40 inches = 35 mm.
Habitat: Garfield County, Colo., 6,000 feet. (Bruce.) I have two female specimens under examination and believe that I have seen others. The species is a very distinct one by the markings ; the black -filled spaces between the ordinary spots and the connected median lines being quite characteristic. Unfortunately no male is at hand, and it is not impossible that the species may have to be trans- ferred to Ma)nestra. The vestiture consists of flattened hair and in the poorer specimen of the two there is a distinct indication of ab- dominal tufts. The wing form, however, is of the usual type found in. this genus and more triangular than in most species of Maiiicstra.
Scotogramma infuscata, sp. nov.
(iround color a very dark smoky yellow, strongly black powdered. Head and thorax a little more evenly smoky in color. Primaries with all the markings black and fairly distinct. Basal line distinct, single, black, twice toothed. T. a. line irregular, black, almost upright in general course, irregularly toothed to below the median vein and then with a strong inward tooth on the submedian vein. T. p. line black, lunulate, single, very nearly parallel with the outer margin. There is a some- what indefined, broad, smoky, median shade, which is bent over the reniform and below that point runs close to and parallel with the t. p. line. S. t. line marked by a smoky preceding shade in which are darker, almost blackish blotches, which em- phasize this .shade as against the very even and uniform terminal space. There is a broken terminal, dusky line and the fringes have also a dusky interline. Orbicular round, small, outlined by blackish scales. The reniform is vague, hardly traceable in fact in most of the specimens ; but sometimes fairly evident as a narrow upright shad" ing. Secondaries smoky fuscous, dusky outwardly, with a vague median line and a faintly marked discal lunule. The fringes are yellow. Beneath, very strongly pow- dered with yellow-, with a well-marked smoky extra-median line, a broad outer margin and a discal lunule. Expanse, 1.25 to 1.45 inches = 23 to 36 mm.
Habitat: Colorado, Park County, 10,000 feet, July 9th; 13,000 feet, July 6th; Gibson Mountain, 12,500 feet.
One male and three females, all collected by Mr. Bruce. The in- sect has almost exactly the same markings that are found in the species previously described and the vestiture is also fine and hairy ; but the colors are all very much darker and the insect has quite a different habitus. Mr. Bruce's number is 646. Scotogramma discolor, sp. nov.
Llround color dull gray over a somewhat luteous base. Head and thorax much paler, the hair being quite distinctly yellowish and the anal tuft of the abdomen is also yellowish. Primaries with the basal space yellowi.sh, owing to an admixture of
Mar. 1899.] Smith : On New Species of Moths. 43
yellow hair with the vestiture. All tlie markings more or less obvious. Basal line distinct, single, blackish. T. a. line distinct, geminate, very irregular, as a whole nearly upright. The outer part of the line black, the inner gray. The line is some- what irregularly toothed to below the median vein and then makes a deep incurve on the submedian vein. T. p. line lunulate, single, blackish, as a whole almost parallel with the outer margin. There is a fairly well marked median .shade which is bent over the reniform and from that point runs close to and parallel with the t. p. line. Beyond this line the wing is smoother and more even in color ; but is broken by a quadrate dusky patch on the costa, extending to the point usually occupied by the s. t. line. At about the middle there is another almost quadrate dusky shade, extending outwardly to about the same point, and on the inner margin there is a third smoky or dusky shade, outwardly marking what would be the tennination of the s. t. line. A series of dusky lunules' is at the base of the fringes and beyond them it is cut with dusky. The orbicular is round or nearly so, small, yellowish. The reniform is vague, marked by yellowish hair ; but inferiorly darkened by the angle of the median shade. Sec- ondaries smoky, whitish toward the base, especially along the costal margin and with a whitish shade beyond a dusky extra-median line. There is also a dusky discal lunule. Perhaps it would be better to describe these wings as whitish with a broad smoky outer band, a smoky extra-median line which sends in a somewhat dusky shade to the base, and a smoky discal lunule. The fringes are whitish. Beneath whitish powdery, with very distinct discal lunules on all wings, a dusky extra-median shade which is quite sharply limited outwardly and a dusky terminal space, which is particularly marked on the secondaries. On the primaries the fringes are distinctly checkered with smoky yellowish. Expanse, 1. 20 inches =30 mm.
Habitat: Park County, Colorado, 13,000 feet (Bruce).
A single male specimen from the U. S. National Museum is the type. The vestiture is hairy and the insect has the appearance of an Anarta. Indeed it may be one of the species described in this genus, and yet unknown to me ; but the eyes are round and the species can- not therefore be properly placed in that genus. From the described species of Scotogrannna this insect differs quite strongly by the mot- tled colors. It should find a place nearest to my uniformis.
Scotojframma sedilis, sp. nov.
Ground color smoky gray, more or less powdery. Head smoky, the palpi a little paler, collar tipped with blackish. The patagire with a black submargin and the basal tuft also marked with blackish. Primaries with all the markings more or less ob- scured by the powderings and incomplete. Basal line geminate, one part of the line black, the other smoky, the intervening space a little whitish powdered. The basal space is very broad, more even than the rest of the wing. T. a. line geminate, the outer portion fairly evident, smoky, strongly bent outwardly ; the inner parts smoky and sometimes not traceable. T. p. line geminate, lunulate, the inner line narrow, blackish, the points on the veins being strongly marked : the outer line rather a shad- ing which may be absent in some specimens, and with a tendency to a white powder- ing between the lunules of the inner line. As a whole the line is nearly parallel with the outer margin. S. t. line whitish or pale preceded by a black shading which be-
44 Journal New York. Entomological Society. [Voi. vil
comes diffuse inwardly. It shows a tendency to lireak up into spots, especially to- ward the inner margin. There' is a series of small terminal smoky lunules, and a yel- lowish line is at the base of the fringes. The claviform is small, black marked, and does not extend across the median space though this is very narrow. The ordinary spots are very imperfectly marked ; the orbicular varying in shape, sometimes with a smoky center, sometimes entirely gray : the reniform upright or nearly so, not com- pletely outlined in any specimen before me. As a whole the median shade is the darkest part of the wing and between the ordinary spot the shade is deepest of all, so that we have the appearance of a dusky median shade. Secondaries evenly smoky. Beneath smoky, powdery, with more or less obvious outer line and discal lunule. Expanse, I.25-1.40 inches ^31-35 mm.
Habitat: Garfield County, Colo., 6,000 feet (Bruce).
Three female specimens are before me, two of them from the U. S. National Museum, and each different from the other. The markings are all obscured by the powdering, but as a whole the species very much resembles conjiigata in color and wing form. It differs, however, by having a very strong s. t. line and by lacking the promi- nent claviform connecting the median lines in the other species. There is also considerable difference in the markings of the head and thorax, so that there does not seem to be any likelihood that the species will prove to be the same, though they are, I think, close allies.
Scotogramma megEcra, sp. nov.
Clrouiul color a powdery pale yellowish gray ; body parts without markings. Pri- maries with all the ornamentation present ; but very obscure and difficult to make out. The wings are almost uniformly powdered and the lines are scarcely darker than the powderings. The basal line is very vaguely indicated. T. a. line almost upright, geminate on the costa, with three strong outward angulations. T. p. line lunulate, evenly bent over the cell and then almost parallel with the outer margin. There is a vague paler shading that indicates an s. t. line, and a series of minute dusky terminal lunules, followed by dusky streaks across the fringes ; also a vague trace of a median shade. The orbicular is absent in one specimen, marked by a dusky outline in an- other. The reniform is narrow, dusky, upright, hardly defined. Secondaries whitish at the base, becoming smoky outwardly, the fringes again being whitish. The veins are dark marked and there is a small discal lunule. Beneath the wings are whitish, a little powdered, becoming a little darker outwardly. Primaries with a discal lunule. Secondaries with a small dot. Expanse, 1. 40 to 1. 45 inches ^ 35 to 36 mm.
Habitat: Glenwood Springs, Colorado in July.
Dr. Barnes has sent me two specimens, male and female. The new species resembles siibmarina and deusa, but is larger and paler than either. It is perhaps nearest to the former, but the markings are much less evident and the peculiar yellowish tinge is quite different from anything that I have ever seen in other specimens. The vesti- ture consists of flattened scales.
Mar. 1899.] Ashmead: On Synopses of Families of Hvmenoptera. 45
SUPER-FAMILIES IN THE HYMENOPTERA AND
GENERIC SYNOPSES OF THE FAMILIES THYN-
NIDiE, MYRMOSID^ AND MUTILLID^.
By William H. Ashmead,
Assistant Curator, Department of Insects, U. S. A'ational Aluseum.
The three families, Thynnidffi, Myrmosidce and Mutillidae have never been properly defined, or characterized, and their genera, at present, on account of the diversity between the sexes, and the diffi- culties attending their proper correlation, are in utter confusion, and often wrongly placed. This confusion is also due, to a certain extent, to a lack of sufficient study, and the careless and insufficient charac- terization of some of the species and genera by the original describers, so that until lately it has been impossible to bring them into anything like order.
This statement is well exemplified in Blake's description of the genus Photopsis. The genus is not only most carelessly and meagrely described, but the type of the genus is not mentioned ; besides Blake has placed in it species that do not agree at all with his meagre de- scription. I find placed in it, and in another geuus characterized by him, representing females, representatives of no less than six distinct genera, some of which do not belong to the Mutillidae at all, but to an allied family, characterized here under the name Myrmosidc'e.
During the past two or three years I have devoted much time to the study of large series of the Mutillida;, and the closely allied families, and have been able to correlate the sexes of most of the genera, either from specimens bred, taken in coitu, or from structural characters. The results of these studies I desire to present here succinctly, with the hope that it will help to clear up much of the existing confusion in these families, and thus make it easier sailing for other students.
The Hymenoptera may be conveniently separated into ten very natural superfamilies, and these again into minor families. In order that these may be recognized and to show the position that I believe the Thynnidae, Myrmosida^ and Mutillidae should occupy, I give below a table for distinguishing these superfamilies, and a table of the families of the Vespoidea, the superfamily to which they belong.
Attention is also called to the position assigned the Vespidae, Eu-
46 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vil J
'] menid?e, Masarid^e, Chrysididre, Bethylidje (part of the Proctotrypidae, which I now consider a distinct family), Trigonalidce, the new family Cosilidse, and to the separation of the families Myzinida; and Tiphii- dte, from the old family Scoliid^. The superfamilies recognized may be thus distinguished :
Table of Supcrfainilies. Suborder I. Heterophaga. Abdomen petiolate or subpetiolate, never broadly sessile ; larvag apodous. * Hypopygium entire and closely united with the pygidium, the sting or ovi. positor when present always issuing from the tip of the abdomen. a. Pronotum not extending back to the tegulae.
b. Tarsi dilated or thickened ; pubescence of head and thorax feathery or plumose Superfamily I. APOIDEA.
bb. Tarsi slender, not dilated or thickened, pubescence of head and
thorax simple, not plumose Superfamily II. SPHEQOIDEA.
aa. Pronotum extending back to the tegulie, or the latter absent.
c. Trochanters always one-jointed.
d. Abdomen variable, rarely twice longer than the head and thorax united, most frequently much shorter ; hind tibiae in 9 neither inflated nor strongly constricted at base. Petiole or first segment of abdomen simple, without a scale or node ; winged forms with well developed tegula;.
Superfamily III. VESPOIDEA.
Petiole or first segment of abdomen composed of one or two
scales or nodes ; winged forms without or with imperfectly
formed tegulre Superfamily IV. FORMI OIDEA.
dd. Abdomen in f greatly elongated, several times longer than the head and thorax united, the segments constricted at sutures and flexible ; hind tibii^ inflated and strongly constricted at base ; abdomen in $ clavate. (pars) ( Family Pelecinida?)
Superfamily V. PROCTO 1 RYPO<DEA. cc. Trochanters two-jointed.
Superfamily V PROCTO TRY POIDE A. ** Hypopygium divided or never united closely with the pygidium, the ovi- positor issuing some distance before the tip of the abdomen ; trochanters always twc-Joifited. d. PVont wings always without a stigma, the marginal vein, if present, linear, never large or stigmated ; abdomen with the ventral seg- ments hard and chitinous, without a fold.
e. Pronotum extending back to the teguloe ; front wings with a mar. ginal and a basal cell, either complete or incomplete ; antennre
straight, not elbowed Superfamily VI. CYM OiDEA.
ee. Pronotum not extending back to the tegulse ; front wings with neither a marginal cell, nor a distinct basal cell, the latter, if at all indicated, usually poorly defined by hyaline veins, visible only by
Mar. i899-] ASHMEAD : On SYNOPSES OF FAMILIES OF HyMENOPTERA. 47
transmitted light ; hind wings without a basal cell ; antennre el- bowed Superfamily VII. CH ALCIDOIDEA.
lid. Front wings with a stigma, the marghial vein usually large or stig- mated (rarely linear in some Alysiids) ; abdomen with the ventral seg- ments most frequently soft and membranous, with a fold (rarely hard and chitinous without a fold, EvaniidiE and Agriotypidas) ; pronotum always extending back to the tegulns.
Superfamily VIII. ICHNEUMONOIDEA. Suborder II. Phytophaga. Abdomen broadly sessile ; larvee with legs.
Anterior tibice with only one apical spur Superfamily IX. SIRICOIDEA.
Anterior tibiix; with two apical spurs. .Superfamily X. TEINTflREDlNOIDEA.
Superfamily III. VESPOIDEA.
Table of Families. Abdomen either sessile or petiolate with the first ventral segment distinctly separated from the second by a more or less deep constriction or transverse furrow ; legs most
frequently fossorial 5
Abdomen either sessile or petiolate, but with the second segment rarely separated from the first ventral by a strong constriction, or if constricted the legs are not fos- sorial, and the wings are usually folded in repose ; in the former case the legs may be either fossorial or simple. Posterior legs short, the femora rarely reaching to or at least much beyond the
middle of the abdomen ; legs most frequently not fossorial . ' 2
Posterior legs long, the femora most frequently reaching to or beyond the tip of abdomen ; tibiie most frequently serrate or spinous, more rarely entirely with- out spines ; middle tibiae with two apical spurs.
Family XXVI. POMPILID/E.
2. \Yings not folded in repose 3
Wings folded in repose.
Middle tibiae with two apical spurs ; claws simple ; sexes three, 9 ^ <?
Family XXVII. VESPID.F:. Middle tibiae with one or two apical spurs ; claws with one or more teeth be- neath ; sexes two, $ ^ Family XXVIII. EUMENIDxE.
3. Metathoracic angles usually acutely produced ; scutellum large, flat, conical, or
spined.
Abdomen normal, with at least six distinct segments, the venter flat ; antennae usually strongly clavate, in 9 knobbed at apex; scutellum very large, flat, species not metallic ; antennae 12-jointed Family XXIX. MASARID.'E.
Abdomen abnormal, with 3 to 5 visible segments, the terminal segments re- tractile, telescopic-like, the venter concave or flat ; antennae most frequently filiform, inserted close to anterior border of head, 13-jointed ; scutellum con- vex, conical or spined ; species metallic Family XXX. CHRYSIDID^E.
Metathorax posteriorly truncate or rounded, rarely toothed ; scutellum normal or in some wingless females entirely wanting; antennae filiform, or sub-clavate; rarely flabellate in some males.
Hind wings 7vith a distinct venation and ivitJwtit anal lobes ; females never apterous 4
48 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI.vil
Hind wings zoithoiit distinct venation and always with an anal lobe ; females often apterous ; middle tibiae with two apical spurs ; antennae lo-i5-jointed.
Family XXXI. BETHYLID.-E.
4. Middle tibi;v with two apical spurs, eyes normal, not emarginate within ; antennpe
15-jointed or more, similar in both sexes Family XXXII. TPvIGONALIDi-E.
Middle tibia- with one apical spur ; eyes reniform or emarginate within ; antennae in 9 12-, in $ 13-jointed Family XXXIII. SAPVdID.-E.
5. Middle coxa contiguous or nearly so 7
I^Iiddle coxa distant, usually widely separated 6
6. Stigma in front wings not well developed, at the most only slightly developed,
either very small or linear ; eyes most frequently emarginate within ; middle tibia with two apical spurs.
Pygidium in $ deeply emarginate at apex, the hypopygium terminating in a sharp thorn or aculeus which curves upwards and rests in the emargination of the pygidium ; claws cleft Family XXXIV. MYZINID.F:.
Pygidium in $ entire or at most with only a slight emargination, the hypopy- gium terminating in tiiree spines ; claws simple.
Family XXXV. SCOLIID.F]. Stigma in front wings well developed, ovate or subovate ; eyes entire, not emargi- nate within ; pygidium in $ entire, the hypopygium terminating in a sharp aculeus which curves upwards Family XXXVI. TIPHIID.E.
7. Females always apterous and most frequently, l)Ut not always without ocelli ; eyes
variable 9
Females always winged with ocelli ; eyes large, always attaining the base of the mandibles _ 8
8. Abdomen sessile or subsessile, usually with a more or less distinct constriction be-
tween the dorsal segmenis i and 2 ; front wings with the stigma well developed, the marginal cell usually attaining the costa at apex (rarely is it rounded at apex with a slight space between, Cosila and allies) ; third wings usually without an anal lobe ; the cubitus either interstitial or originating beyond the transverse median nervure very rarely originating a little before it ; tibial spurs I, 2, 2 ; tarsal joints normal ; eyes entire ; hypopygium entire, not ending in a spine or
aculeus Family XXXVII. COSILID.F.
Abdomen longly petiolate ; front w'ings with the stigma not well developed, the sec- ond recurrent nervure subobsolete ; hind wings bilobed, the cubitus originating far beyond the transverse median nervure ; tibial spurs very long, straight ; tarsal joints 2-3 in 9 dilated, deeply excised or lobed and filled with a membrane be- tween the lobes ; eyes emarginate within ; ocelli very large ; antenna very long, filiform, the joints with a bristle-like spine at apex.
Family XXXVIII. RHOPALOSOMID/E.
9. Middle tibiae with two apical spurs, rarely with one spur in some males.
Middle coxa usually slightly separated by a triangular or bilobed projection of the mesosternum ; females with the thorax divided into three parts, the pygidium usually subcompressed or otherwise formed, usually abnormal ; hypopygium in males most frecjuently armed.
Family XXXIX. THYNNID-E.
Mar. 1 899-] ASHMEAD : On SYNOPSES OF FAMILIES OF HvMENOPTERA. 411
Middle coxa? contiguous, not sei)arated by a triangular or bilobed projection of the mesosternum, the latter being squarely truncate at apex.
Thorax in the females divided into two parts ; pygidium normal ; hypopygiuin in males produced into a sharp aculeus which curves upwards, or very rarely simple ; hind wings with a distinct anal lobe, the cubitus originating from the apex of the submedian cell, interstitial with the transverse median nervure or rarely originating a little beyond it Family XL. MYRMOSID.l^
'J'horax in females undivided, all the parts being closely united or soldered to- gether without visible sutures between ; pygidium normal ; hypopygium in males simple, unarmed, but the genital plate is armed with two slender straight spines which project more or less distinctly from the tip of the abdomen ; hind wings 'vithoiit an anal lobe, the cubitus always originating far before the trans- verse median nervure Family XLI. MUTILLID.F'.
Family XXXIX. THYNNID.^.
Table of Genera . Females 9
Males
Mandibles bidentate 3
Mandibles tridentate.
First transverse cubitus with an appendage or a spurious nervure which di- vides the first submarginal cell into two more or less distinct divisions. . .2 First transverse cubitus without an appendage, the first submargitial cell not divided. Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures ; maxillary
palpi 6-jointed, labials 4-jointed Frachypterus Gtierin.
Second submarginal cell receiving the first recurrent nervure, the second interstitial , Oncorhinus Shtickard.
2. Third submarginal cell larger than the second, the second and third each receiving
a recurrent nervure ; clypeus not prominent, with a slight triangular emargination, or impression anteriorly ; mandibles with the apical tooth much longer than the two inner teeth ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labials 4-jointed.
Telephoromyia Guerin.
3. Hypopygium at apex unarmed 6
Hypopygium at apex dentate or with an aculeus.
Labrum very slightly visible, usually entirely covered by the projecting clypeus,
which is most frequently squarely or roundedly truncate anteriorly 4
Labrum large, distinct and entirely uncovered.
Labium bilobed ; pygidium transverse, longitudinally striated, the hypopy- gium tridentate, the lateral teeth short ; second recurrent nervure angularly bent at the middle ; maxillary and labial palpi 4-jointed.
Agriomyia Guerin.
4. First transverse cubitus with an appendage 5
First transverse cubitus without an appendage.
Hypopygium ending in an aculeus.
Clypeus anteriorly with a slight median sinus ; first transverse cubitus dis- tinct ; maxillary palpi 5-jointed, labials 4-jointed. . Anthobosca Guerin.
50 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLvii.
Clypeus anteriorly produced into a triangular tooth ; first transverse cubitus wanting or evanescent, maxillary palpi 4-jointed. . . . Alethoca Latreille. Hypopygiuni tridentate, the median tooth longer than the lateral.
Clypeus anteriorly with a median emargination ; maxillary and labial palpi very short, both 3-jointed; marginal cell truncate at apex. Iswara Westw. Clypeus anteriorly rounded not emarginate ; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, labial palpi very short, 3-jointed ; marginal cell acute at apex.
(Type /. Koebelei K'iwyi.) Iswaroides As/ini., g. n.
5. Hypopygiuni nanow, briefly dentate or trilobed at apex ; clypeus ovate, subemar-
ginate or with a triangular impression at apex ; maxillary palpi 6-, labials 4-
jointed Elaphroptera Giierin.
Hypopygium not narrow, ending in three strong teeth, the middle tooth a little longer than the lateral. Clypeus produced and anteriorly rounded or sub-truncate ; maxillary palpi
4 jointed Ariphron Erichson.
Clypeus prominent, narrowed, at apex anteriorly bidentate. Ornepetes Guerin. Hypopygium produced into a distinct spine or with an aculeus. Metathorax neither short nor abruptly sloping from base to apex.
Metathorax truncate behind, the angles acute ; hypopygium small, hidden, but produced at apex into a long stout prong which curves upwards.
Khagigaster Guerin. Metathorax not truncate behind, a little longer than the mesonotum ; hypo- pygium projecting and ending in a short aculeus, the pygidium transverse
with some transverse rugse toward the apex Entelus IVeshv.
Metathorax very short, abruptly sloping from base to apex ; hypopygium large, triangular and ending in a small spine which extends beyond the pygidium. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the joints not short, subequal ; labials 4-jointed.
Thynnus Fabr. Maxillary palpi 6-jointed, joints I-3 minute, 4-6 very long.
Trachynomyla Guerin.
6. Third submarginal cell shorter than the second 8
Third submarginal cell longer than the second.
Mandibles narrow, curved, the teeth acute ; abdomen oblong, subcylindrical, as long or longer than the head and thorax united 7
Mandibles broad, the apical tcoth large, obtuse ; abdomen, oval, shorter than the thorax ; claws cleft Ambly soma Wcstw.
7. Hypopygium not prominent, obtuse at apex ; clypeus somewhat produced, and an-
teriorly rounded, not excised ; maxillary^ palpi 6-jointed, joints I-3 united, about half as long as 4-6 ; labials 4-jointed, joint I not longer than 2-3 united.
Anodontyra Westw. Hypopygium .somewhat prominent, narrow, truncate at apex ; clypeus ovate, sub- excised or triangularly emarginate anteriorly ; maxillary- palpi 6-jointed, joint I short, the following subequal ; labials 4-jointed, joint I shorter than 2-3 united.
Elaphroptera Guh-in. Hypopygium broader, subtriangular or .subc^uadrate, obtuse or truncate at apex. Clypeus strongly produced anteriorly, the apical margin truncate or slightly rounded ; maxillary palpi 5-, labials 4-jointed Eirone M'estw.
Mar. 1899.] ASHMEAD : On SyNOPSES OF FAMILIES OF H YMENOPTERA. 51
Clypeus broadly truncate at apex ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labials 4-jointed.
Zeleboria Sassure.
Clypeus not strongly produced anteriorly, the apex subemarginate or excised ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, joints 1-3 rather short, 4-6 long, subequal, 5 or 6 times longer than thick ; labials 4 -jointed, the first joint long, slender, about as long as 2-4 united Scotsena King.
8. Clypeus not produced, excised anteriorly ; maxillary palpi 6-jointe(l, joints 1-3
short, 4-6 very long ; labials 4-jointed Aeiurus Klug.
9. Body rather stout, not elongate ; metathorax very short, obliquely transversely
compressed or sublamellar ; pygidium abnormal, narrowed, compressed or de- flexed ; claws usually cleft or bifid, rarely simple II
Body narrow, slender and elongate ; abdomen cylindrical ; thorax above flattened ; metathorax elongate or at least not very short or sublamellar ; pygidium normal ; ' claws either simple or cleft. Head without a sulcus or grooved line on temples behind the eyes ; abdomen
cylindrical lo
Head quadrate with a sulcus or grooved line on temples behind the eyes ; abdomen longer than the head and thorax united. Claws simple ; grooved line behind the eyes curved and not quite extending to the eyes ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labials 4-jointed ; first ventral seg- ment simple (Jly ptometopa Ashni.
Claws cleft ; grooved line behind the eyes straight aud extending from eye • almost to the occiput ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labials stout, 4-jointed ; first ventral segment with a tooth beneath.
Rhagigaster Gnerin = Diamma Sauss. nee Westw.
10. Claws cleft.
Head seen from above rounded, not or scarcely longer than wide ; eyes very large ; ocelli present ; mandibles 3- or 4-dentate ; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, labials 4-jointed Trachypterus Guerin = Diamma Westw. 9 •
Head oblong, more than twice longer than wide ; eyes minute ; ocelli absent ; mandibles bidentate at apex ; maxillary and labial palpi both 4-jointed.
Eirone WeshvooJ.
Claws simple.
Eyes minute ; ocelli wanting ; maxillary and labial palpi both 4-jointed.
Aeiurus King.
Eyes large, oblong-oval ; ocelli present ; mandibles at apex bidentate, the lower
tooth much the longer ; maxillary palpi 4-jointed Methoca Latreille.
11. Head seen from above triangular (similar to Tn'gonopsis Veriy), without ocelli ;
pronotum quadrate ; second dorsal abdominal segment with two transverse folds ; eyes small, oval, reaching base of mandibles ; clypeus very short, trun- cate anteriorly ; mandibles simple, falcate ; maxillary palpi 4-jointed, labials
3-jointed; claws cleft Iswaroides ^j/zw. (Type/. ioeMei AsHM.y^ g. n.
Head large, quadrate, much wider than the thorax ; anterior margin of mesonotum curved, the angles rounded ; second dorsal abdominal segment smooth, without transverse folds or carinae ; maxillar)^ palpi 6-jointed ; claws simple.
Ariphron Erichson.
52 Journal New York Entomological Society. [voi. vii.
Head not especially large, subglobose, subquadrate, or narrowly transverse ; an- terior margin of mesonotum straight, the angles more or less acute ; second dorsal abdominal segment with transverse folds or carin^e. Pronotum obtrapezoidal.
Head subquadrate or subglobose ; eyes oblong oval, the malar space dis- tinct ; mandibles broad and flat, obtuse at apex and with a longitudinal sulcus or groove above along the inner margin for two-thirds their length ; clypeus with a high median ridge or carina ; pygidium not very naiTow, deflexed, and loiigiliidiiially striated, the hypopygium dilated
at apex ; claws cleft Fh^nnus Fabr.
Head narrowly transverse, with two broad smooth furrows or impressions, extending from the base of each antenna to the vertex ; eyes oval, the malar space wanting ; mandibles not broad, falcate, acute at apex ; cly- peus transversely narrowed, without a median carina, and anteriorly rounded with a slight median emargination ; pygidium strongly con- tracted at sides just before apex, the apex dilated and as seen from be- hind oval, above it is smooth, or transveise/y striated ; claws cleft.
Agriomyla Gnh-in. Head as seen from above subglobose, eyes small, oval, the malar space wanting ; mandibles acuminate, but with a slight tooth within before apex ; clypeus truncate with a slight triangular emargination anteriorly ; basal abdominal segment with a strongly grooved circular funov/ on each side ; pygidium much narrowed, compressed before apex, with tufts of long hair on each side which curl over and meet above ; hypopygium broadly dilated at apex.
Elaphroptera Guhin = Ai)inwdromus GufeRiN
Pronotum quadrate ; eyes oval ; mandibles subfalcate, acuminate ; clypeuS
slightly produced without median carina ; pygidium oval, not longitudinally
striated ; claws cleft Entelus IVestwood.
Family XL. MYRMOSID.'E.
Table of Genera.
Males 5
Females.
Ocelli wanting 3
Ocelli present, distinct 2
2. Thorax quadrangular, the pronotum as wide as the meso-metathorax, usually
rugose punctate or coarsely punctate ; maxillary palpi 6-, labials, 4-jointed.
Myrmosa LatreilU.
Thorax not (juadrangular, compressed at sides from the meso-thoracic angles, the
pronotum very much narrowed ; mandibles strongly excised beneath, with a
projection before the emargination. (Type Mutil/a iiuerta R.adowszkowski.
Ephutomma Ashn. g. n.
3. Thorax in outline almost round ; head quadrate ; eyes very small, round ; mandibles
falcate; maxillary palpi 3-jointed ; labial palpi 2-jointed.
Bradynobaenus Spinola.
Mar. 1899.1 ASHMEAD : On SyNOPSES OF FAMILIES OF HyMENOPTERA. 53
Thorax in outline not rounded.
Abdomen without a constriction between segments 2 and 3 4
Abdomen with a strong constriction between segments 2 and 3.
Apterogyna LatreilU.
4. Thorax quadrate, the sides from pronotum parallel ; head very large, quadrate,
wider than the thorax ; mandibles long, bidentate at apex, siiiuated or subemar-
ginated beneath ; pygidium without a pygidial area Brachycistis Fox.
Thorax not cjuadrate, quite differently shaped. Eyes oval, slightly sinuate on outer margin superiorly.
Abdomen sessile ; pronotum transverse, a little wider than the meso-metan- otum anteriorly but not wider than the same posteriorly, the sides being
compressed just behind the pronotum Miliuta Andre.
Eyes round or rounded.
Abdomen subpetiolate, the petiole enlarged towards apex with a strong con- striction between it and the second segment ; pronotum large, nearly obtrapezoidal and fully as wide or a little wider than the mesometathorax. (Type M. peculiaris Cr.) Typhoctes Ashm. g. n. Abdomen with a distinct, slender petiole ; pronotum campanulate, much narrower than the meso-metathorax Cyphotes Blake.
5. Stigma and marginal cell distinct 7
Stigma and marginal cell wanting 6
Stigma present, narrow, elongate, the marginal cell wanting, front wings with only
the median cell distinct ; antennae very long, filiform ; abdomen ovate, with a very short petiole ; pygidium tridentate at apex.
Brad> nobsenus Spiuola ( ;= Chestus Spinola).
6. Abdomen subpetiolate, with a strong constriction between the second and third
segments ; front wings with one very small submarginal cell and a median and a submedian cell ; abdomen ending in an aculeus Aptero^yna LatreiUe.
7. Abdomen ending in an aculeus which ciu-ves upwards ; front wings with a short
marginal cell 8
Abdomen unarmed at apex, without an upward curved aculeus. Front wings with three subrharginal cells.
Marginal cell long, and with four submarginal cells, the second and third
each receiving a recurrent nervure Myrmosa Latreille.
Marginal cell rather short, triangular, the second submarginal cell triangular, receiving the first recurrent nervure near the middle, the third submarginal cell hexagonal ; eyes large, extending to base of mandibles with an emar- gination within Ephutomma Ashm. g. n.
8. Middle tibiae with 2 apical spurs 9
Middle tibiae with i apical spur.
Front wings with three submarginal cells, the second and third each receiving a recurrent nervure ; cubitus in hind wings interstitial or nearly, with the transverse median nervure ; mesonotum with furrows. Abdomen with a more or less distinct constriction between the first and sec- ond segments ; scutellum rounded, subconvex ; first recurrent nervure usually joinijig the second submarginal cell before the middle ; mandibles tridentate Brachycistis Fox.
54 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoI. vil
Abdomen 7vtthoitt a constriction between the first and second segments ; scutellum quadrate ; first recurrent nervure joining the second submarginal cell beyond the middle Milluta Andre.
9. Front wings with three submarginal cells and two recurrent nervures lO
Front wings with two submarginal cells.
Only one recurrent, which is received by the second submarginal cell.
Typhoctes AsHjh g. n. 9 Two recurrent nervures, both received by the second submarginal cell.
Cyphotes Blake (pars. )
10. Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nervures. . . Cyphotes Blake.
Family XLI. MUTILLID.E.
The genera Scaptodactyla Burmeister and Scaptopoda Lynch- Arri- balzaga, are not included in the following table, since I have not been able to secure specimens, or to consult the descriptions ; the works in which these genera are described not being in the libraries in Wash- ington and Philadelphia.
Table of Genera. Males 15
Females.
1. Abdomen petiolate or subpetiolate, or 7vith a distinct constriction or furrow be-
tween the first and second segments 8
Abdomen sessile or subsessile, -without a constriction or furrow between the first and second segments, the first segment uniting with the second its entire breadth. 2
2. Thorax obpyriform, or narrowed posteriorly, or strongly contracted medially at
sides, as seen from above often hexagonal 5
Thorax quadrangular or cubiform, not narrowed posteriorly, rather abruptly or per- pendicularly truncate behind, the dorsal profile straight, the lateral margins parallel or scarcely perceptibly curved inwardly medially ; head most fre- quently quadrate or subquadrate.
Pygidium without a pygidial area .3
Pygidium with a pygidial area, or at least with elevated lateral margins 4
3. Antennal fove^e bounded by a carina superiorly.
Head large, quadrate, wider than the thorax ; eyes oval ; mandibles broadened towards apex, tridentate ; first joint of flagellum about twice as long as the second or as long as joints 2-3 united ; lateral margins of thorax parallel.
Myrtnilla IVesfnael.
Head not so distinctly quadrate, more rounded, not wider than the thorax ; eyes ovate or oval ; mandibles not broadened towards apex, bidentate, the outer tooth the longer, acute ; first joint of flagellum longer than joints 2-3 united ; lateral margins of thorax slightly curved inwardly medially. . . . Ronisia Costa.
4. Antennal fovese not bounded by a carina superiorly 7
Antennal foveae bounded by a carina superiorly.
Head quadrate or subquadrate ; eyes moderately large, ovate, oval or elliptical, but never round.
Mar. 1899.]
AsHMEAD : On SvxVoPiES OF Families of Hvmenoptera. 55
Lateral margins of the metathoracic truncature normal, rarely dentriculated ; anterior tarsi with a long, stiff tarsal comb. Lateral margins of the thorax straight, parallel ; head large, quadrate, usually much wider than the thorax ; mandibles at apex tridentate,
the outer tooth the longer, acute Vlutilla Linne.
Lateral margins of the thorax usually slightly curved inwardly medially, therefore not exactly parallel ; head subquadrate not or scarcely wider than the thorax; mandibles simple, narrowed towards apex, dentate or at most with a slight tooth within before apex ; maxillary palpi long, 6-jointed, labials 5-jointed ; third joint of antenna; thicker toward apex, as long as joints 4-5 united.
(Type M. diibitata Smith) Timulla Ashm. Lateral margins of the metathoracic truncature dentate, or denticulated ; an- terior tarsi with a short tarsal comb ; mandibles simple without a tooth within ; maxillary palpi long, 6-jointed, labials 4-jointed, joints 2-4 com- pressed, the second wider than long ; first joint of tlagellum obconical, not longer than wide at apex. (Africa.)
(Type 0. abhottii h^\vs\. ms. ) Odontomutllla Ashm. g. n.
5. Antennal fovea: shallow, not bounded by a carina superiorly 7
Antennal fovece bounded by a distinct carina superiorly.
Eyes round, prominent, distant from base of mandibles o
Eyes prominent, oval, ovate, or elliptical.
Pygidium smooth, without a pygidial area ; thorax very elongate, more than thrice longer than wide, coarsely pitted or rugose, the anterior margin rounded, the lateral hind angles of the mesonotum produced outwardly into a triangular tooth ; second ventral segment with a median tooth ; head subquadrate, hardly as wide as the thorax, rounded behind ; mandibles
edentate. (Africa.)
(Type M. guineensis Fabr. ) Dolichomutllla Ashm. g. n. Pygidium with a pygidial area ; thorax scarcely twice as long as wide, un- armed, the sides more or less contracted medially, almost violin-shaped ; second ventral segment normal ; head large, quadrate, wider than the thorax, the hind angles acute, cheeks beneath armed with a strong tooth ; mandibles usually bidentate, rarely simple, the outer tooth much the longer.
Hseudomethoca Ashm. 6. Head quadrate or subquadrate, the hind angles rounded, not acute ; pygidial area distinct; mandibles not excised beneath, simple, edentate or with a slight tooth within before apex. Thorax elongate, nearly thrice as long as wide, very coarsely irregularly pitted or foveolated, the anterior margin squarely truncate, the angles acute or toothed; lateral hind angles of mesonotum produced ^^'-^jdly into a tri- angular tooth; mandibles edentate; maxillary palpi 6-jointed, the first t.o short ; labials 4-jointed, the third dilated, the last long, fusiform. (Australia ) (Type M. rugicollis Wf.stw. ). BothriomutlUa Ashm. g. n. Thorax hardly twice as long as wide, as seen from above more or less hexagonal, unarmed.
56 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
Head quadrate or subquadrate ; mandibles beneath entire, acuminate, eden- tate or with one or two small teeth within before apex ; body most fre- quently bare or nearly bare, more i-arely with a short dense pubescence, generally confined to the abdomen NomiaephagUS Asliin. g. n.
Head transverse ; mandibles beneath with a sinus or emargination on basal one-fourth or third, apex acuminate with a slight tooth within be- fore tip ; body clothed with a dense pubescence.
(Type S. authophone AsHM. ) Pyrrhomutilla Ashiii. g. n.
7. Thorax fully as wide as long, hexagonal ; head subglobose, much narrower than
the thorax ; mandibles simple, acute at apex, edentate ; maxillary palpi 5-jointed,
labials 3-jointed (Australia) Eurymutilla Ashm. g. n.
Thorax almost quadrangular, about I J2 times as long. as wide, or a little longer, only slightly narrower posteriorly than anteriorly ; head transverse or subglobose ; eyes somewhat rounded or very short oval ; mandibles with an emargination beneath, pointed at apex, edentate ; first joint of flagellum not or scarcely longer than wide, shorter or very little longer than the third; body almost bare.
Photopsis Blake Thorax obpyriform, about twice as long as wide ; head subquadrate or subglobose eyes short oval or rounded.
Mandibles excised beneath Tricholabiodes Radoszk.
Mandibles not excised beneath Sphaerophthalma Blake (pars)
8. Thorax obpyriform, or at least always narrowed posteriorly, never c}uadrangiilar or
cubical, often hexagonal or fiddle-shaped, the lateral margins not parallel, the
dorsal profile most frequently arcuate or convexly rounded 9
Thorax quadrangular or cubiform, not narrowed posteriorly, usually abruptly or al- most perpendicularly truncate behind, the dorsal profile straight or nearly, the lateral margins parallel or nearly, rarely with a slight inward curve medially. Head subquadrate ; eyes oval, distant from base of mandibles ; antennal fove?e bounded by a carina superiorly ; mandibles simple, with a slight tooth within before apex ; first joint of flagellum longer than joints 2-3 united ; meta- thorax with a prominent median tooth or spine above Konisia Costa.
9. Antennal fovese deep, distinct, and bounded by a carina superiorly 10
Antennal foveae rather shallow, not bounded by a carina superiorly II
10. Head subc|uadrate, transverse or subglobose.
Eyes round, far from base of mandibles ; mandibles not excised beneath, simple, edentate or with a slight tooth within before apex.
Sphaerophthalma Blake.
Eyes short oval or round ; mandibles sinuate or excised Ijeneath with usually a small tooth within before apex Tricholabiodes Radoszk. (pars)
11. Pygidium not smooth, often longitudinally striated or rugulose, and always tvitli
a distinct pygidial area 12
Pygidium smooth, without a pygidial area.
Thorax only about twice as long as wide, unarmed ; head subquadrate, not wider than the thorax ; eyes short oval, nearly round, the malar space as long as the eye ; mandibles with a tooth within before apex ; first joint of flagellum ob- conical, longer than the second Stenoitiutilla Andi-e.
Mar. 1899.] ASHMEAD : On SYNOPSES OF FAMILIES OF HyMENOPTERA. 57
12. Eyes round or rounded J
Eyes ovate, oval, or elliptical ; mandibles not excised beneath.
Head very large, quadrate, about twice as wide as the thorax, or very much wider, the hind angles sharp, or acute ; beneath armed with 4 teeth, two small ones at base of gula and two much larger ones, one on each cheek ; mandibles bidentate, the lower tooth much the longer.
(Type M. spmosa Roed. ) Hoplomutilla Ashm. g. n.
Head quadrate or subquadrate, unarmed beneath, and not or rarely much
wider than the thorax.
Metathorax truncate behind, the spiracles linear ; mandibles with one or
small teeth within before apex ; first joint of flagellum longer than the
5gj.o,.,d Dasylabris Radoszkoivski.
Metathorax convexly rounded behind, the spiracles rounded or very short oval ; mandibles simple or at most with a slight tooth within some dis- tance before the apex ; first joint of flagellum usually wider than long,
smaller than the second Ephuta Say.
(Type E. scrupea Say $ ) = M. parvula Cr. 9 13. Head globose or subglobose.
Mandibles entire, not excised beneath, eyes small ; first joint of flagellum not
much longer than thick Cystomutilla Andre.
Mandibles strongly excised beneath, with a process or projection before the incision ; eyes^di.stant from base of mandibles . . Tricholabiodes Radoszk. Head quadrate, subquadrate or transverse.
i\Iandibles not excised beneath 4
Mandibles, or at least the left mandible, excised beneath and usually with a process or projection before the incision. Thorax in profile arcuate ; eyes usually with a slight sinus on outer edge
^gjjj. apex Tricholabiodes Radoszk.
14. Eves extending to or nearly "to the base of the mandible ; metathorax subtnin-
'cate • the spiricals oval or elliptical ; mandibles subfalcate with a small tooth
within, much before apex ; first joint of flagellum obconical, as long or longer
than the second Photopsis ^/./v.
Eyes distant from the base of the mandibles, a wide space between.
Body vei7 hairy ; mandibles simple, acuminate, edentate, or at the most with a sli-ht tooth within before apex ; maxillary palpi 6-, labials 4-jointed, the second and third dilated ; first joint of flagellum as long as joints 2-3
united (Type 5. gorgcms BlaKE) DasyitlUtilla Ashm. g. n.
Body bare or nearly bare, or at least not densely hairy; mandibles simple, edentate, or with a light tooth within some distance before apex ; maxillary
palpi 6-, labials 4-jointed Sph^rophthalma Blake.
,, 10
I s. Winged ' ' ' „. ,
^ „,. , . . Myrmilla ]Vesinad. ^^mgless ^ ^^
16. Flagellum simple, filiform • " " "
TTi 11 fl 1 iiot« Psammotherma Ztf/r.
Flagellum nabellate
17. Second submarginal cell receiving only one recurrent nervure, the second recurrent
when present, received by the third submarginal cell i
Second submarginal cell receiving both recurrent nen-ures.
(Type M. melicerta Smith) Allomutllia Ashm. g. n.
58 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vn.
1 8. Eyes round, or short oval, not emarginate within 22
Eyes very large, occupying most of the sides of the head, not emarginate within,
but sinuate or emarginate on their external margin superiorly 21
Eyes long oval, or ovate, and always more or less deeply emarginate within at their apical third.
Front wings with two submarginal cells 20
Front wings with three submarginal cells, or the third at least partially formed, not entirely obliterated. I9
19. Metathoracic angles, normal, neither produced nor dentate ; abdomen sessile or
.subsessile, the first segment not separated from the second by a constriction or furrow. Scutellum conically or triangularly elevated ; mesonotum with distinct furrows ; mandibles bidentate ; hypopygium margined at sides, emarginate at apex. (Africa. )
(Type M. medon Smith) Trogaspidia AsJnn. g. n. Scutellum normal, at the most subconvex.
Mesonotum with distinct furrows or the furrows always indicated posteriorly; stigma usually well developed, but sometimes pale or open in the middle ; scape normal. Mandibles excised or sinuate beneath before the middle and usually wuth a process or projection before the incision ; dorsal abdom- inal segments 3-6 without a median longitudinal carina. Mandibles at apex tridentate ; first joint of flagellum usually
longer than the second Mutilla Linne.
Mandibles at apex bidentate ; first joint of flageHuni not longer
than the second Timulla Aslun. g. n.
Mandibles simple, not excised beneath, at apex bidentate ; dorsal ab- dominal segments 3-6, usually with a median longitudinal carina.
Ronisia Costa. Mesonotum luithout distinct furrows ; stigma not well developed ; man- dibles normal, bidentate Scape bicarinate beneath ; first and second joints of flagellum usually transverse or not longer than wide
Ephuta Say.
20. Metathorax with the upper hind angles produced into a tooth ; mesonotum luith-
out distinct furrows ; scutellum large, flat, the hind angles produced into a tooth which curves inwardly. (Africa.) Type O. a/'/'o//i AsuM.
Odontomutllla Ash?n. g. n.
Metathorax normal ; mesonotum 'coith distinct furrows ; scutellum iiDrmal, the post
scutellum armed on each side with a small nearly vertical tooth or spine;
stigma large, the marginal cell long Pseudophotopsis Andre.
21. Post scutellum armed on each side with a small nearly vertical tuoth.
PseudophotopsJs Andre.
Post .scutellum unamied ; abdomen longly petiolated, the petiole subclavate ;
mesonotum ivith distinct furrows.
Front wings with three submarginal cells, the third sometimes incomplete or
only partially formed ; stigma small and indistinct or hyaline within ;
mandibles strongly excised beneath Trichoiabiodes J-iadoszk.
Mar. 1899] AsHMEAD: On SYNOPSES OF FAMILIES OF HyMEKOPTERA. 59
Front wings with tliree suhmarginal cells, the third cubital again divided into two nearly equal cells by a longitudinal vein originating from the mid- dle of the second transverse cubital vein ; mandibles excised beneath ; eyes extending to the base of mandibles. (Asia. )
Alioneurion Ashm. g. n. (Type A. kotepetica Radoszk.)
22. Abdomen petiolate or subpetiolate, or always with a constriction or furrow be-
tween the apex of the first and base of second segment 26
Abdomen sessile or sub-sessile, without a constriction or furrow between the first
and second segments, the apex of the first broadly sessile with the base of
the second. Front wings with three submarginal cells or the third is more or less partially
formed, not entirely obliterated 25
F"ront wings with only two submarginal cells, the third entirely obliterated. .23
23. Eyes oval ; head quadrate, usually wider than the thorax.
Myrmilla IVcnnael. Eyes round ; stigma well developed 24
24. Mesonotum with well defined furrows, or with furrows distinct posteriorly.
Mandibles of an equal thickness to apex, where they are tridentate ; beneath with a slight emargination before the middle ; malar space short, but dis- tinct PhotOpsis Blake ( pars. )
Mandibles more pointed toward apex, bi- or tridentate, but with the lower or outer tooth much the longer, acute ; beneath sinuate or emarginate ; malar space entirely wanting, the eyes extending to base of manibles.
Tricholabiodes Hadoszk. (pars.) Mesonotum w ithotit distinct furrows.
Head transverse, the temples very oblique ; ocelli large ; first joint of flagel-
lum cylindrical, longer than wide, but still shorter than the second ; second
submarginal cell triangular ; submedian cell much larger than the median.
(Type P. nanus AsHM. ) /Vlicroniutilla Ashm. g. n.
Head quadrate, the hind angles acute ; ocelli small ; first joint of flagellum quadrate or hardly longer than thick ; second submarginal cell jientagonal ; submedian cell not longer than the median PseudOtnethoca Ashm,
25. Marginal cell rounded off at apex, not broadly truncate.
Head subquadrate, the ocelli small ; mandibles toward apex broadened and tridentate, the outer tooth the longest, acute ; mesonotal furrows wanting ; first joint of flagellum scarcely longer than thick, much shorter than the sec- ond (Type S. sanbornii Blake) I\omi£ephagus Ashm. g. n.
Head transverse, seen from above obtrapezoidal, the ocelli large ; mandibles beneath with a sinus or an emargination, acuminate and with a tooth within before apex, mesonotal furrows distinct ; first joint of flagellum twice as long as thick and as long as the second.
(Type 5. atithophoi-ce h.'iwsi.) Pyrrhomutilla Ashm. n. g. Marginal cell broadly truncate at apex ; mesonotum with distinct furrows ; man- dibles at apex bidentate, not excised beneath; second ventral segment more or less conically produced or elevated at basal middle.
Eurymutilla Ashm.
60 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.vii.
26. Second ventral segment 7i'ith a small longitudinal impression on each side towards
the middle, tilled with a pubescence resembling dull black felt.
Stenotnutillla Andre.
Second ventral segment luithotit such impressions.
Front wing with two submarginal cells, the third entirely obliterated 30
Front wings with three submarginal cells, or the third partially formed, not entirely obliterated 27
27. Stigma more or less well developed, truncate or rounded at apex 28
Stigma not well developed, minute.
Marginal cell rounded, not truncate at apex, the third submarginal cell along the radius very .short, shorter than the second ; me.sonotum with distinct furrows on the posterior half or two-thirds, obliterated anteriorly.
Mandibles at apex tridentate ; first joint of flagellum about half the length of the second Dasylabrls Radoszk.
28. Stigma well develojjcd, oblong oval, rounded at apex ; the luargiiial cell usually
short 29
Stigma not so large or well developed, obliquely truncate at apex or sublanceo- late, often clear or open in the middle. Marginal cell broadly truncate at apex.
Mesonotum without distinct furrows at the most with an indistinct furrow
on the shoulders ; third submarginal cell ahjng the radius fully
twice as long as the second, or even longer ; pygidial area distinct.
Mandibles at apex broad, tridentate, with a slight sinus or emargi-
nation beneath nearly the middle.
Sphserophthalma Blake (Type S. sccwa Blake)
Mandibles toward a]iex more or less bluntly pointed with usually
one tootli within tjefore apex ; body densely clothed with long hair.
Dasymutilla Ashm. g. n. (Type S. gorgons Blake)
29. Marginal cell rounded, not truncate at apex.
Mesonotum ivith four more or less distinct furrows.
Eyes extending to base of mandibles or nearly ; ocelli large.
Mandibles not excised beneath, of an equal thickness to apex, where
they are truncate and tridentate, the teeth nearly of an equal size.
Photopsis Blake (Type P. iinperialis Blake)
Mandibles strongly excised or emarginate beneath from near the
middle to apex and usually with a process or projection before the
incision, bi- or tridentate, the teeth very unequal.
Tricholabiodes Radoszk.
30. Stigma not well developed, indistinct ; mesonotum luithotit furrows ; abdomen
distinctly petiolate Dasy labris Radoszk.
Stigma well developed ; mesonotum with furrows ; abdomen .subpetiolate.
Head large, quadrate, armed beneath with four teeth, two at base of gula and a very large tooth or spine on each cheek beneath ; ocelli small.
Hoplomutilla Ashm. g. n. Head normal, unarmed, subquadrate or subglobose.
Ocelli not large, mandibles not excised beneath. . Cystomutilla Andre.
Ocelli large, ])rominent ; mandibles excised or sinuate beneath, at apex
bidentate Photopsis Blake (pars)
Mar. 1899-] DyAR : LiFE- HISTORIES OF N. Y. SlUG CATERPILLARS. 61
THE LIFE-HISTORIES OF THE NEW YORK SLUG- CATERPILLARS.— XVIII.
PLATE I, FIGS. I-IO.
By Harrison G. Dyar, A.M., Ph.D.
Natada nasoni Grote.
1876 — Sisyrosea nasoni Gkote, Can. Ent. VIII, 112. > 1882 — Lima codes rude Hv. Edwards, Papilio, II, 12. ' 1887 — Perola daona Druce, Biol. Cent.-Am., Lep. Het. I, 219; pi. 23, f. II.
1892 — Sicyrosea nasoni and rude, KiRBY, Cat. Lep. Het. I, 554.
1892 — Perola daona KlRBY, Cat. Lep, Het. I, 532.
1894 — Sisyrosea nasoni Nkumoegen & Dyar, Joikn. X. Y. Ent. Soc. II, 70.
Larva. 1878 — Glover, 111. N. Am. Ent. pi. 11, fig. 9. 1898— Dyar, Psyche, VIII, 173. 1898 — Beutenmuller, Bull. Am. Mus. N. H. X, 395.
Special Structural Characters. Dorsal space broad, even, a very little narrowed at either end, widest centrally, though almost perfectly uniform, flat ; lateral space broad, steep, almost perpendicular, straight, not concave nor flared at base, of uniform width, rounded, narrowed to the terminal joints 3 and 13 ; subventral space strongly retracted and so short that the lateral horns almost touch the leaf. Outline a parallelogram, slightly rounded, scarcely elliptical. Ridges slight, indicated by the horns. These are flexible in the subdorsal row, bent outward at will, normal in arrangement for the spined Eucleids, short, thick and rounded. The subdorsal horns extend at an angle of 45° when erected, those of joints 3 to 5 being larger than the rest except that of joint 13 which is longer and more slender. Lateral horns horizontal, those of joints 5 and 1 2 slender and longer than the subdorsals of the same segments, markedly shortened at the last moult. The spines on the horns are of the normal stinging type after stage I, but not very numerous, while the marginal ones are club-shaped and setiferous. Those on the large horns are stained with black pigment, some even banded black and white. In stage I the horns are surmounted by a central swollen- tipped seta and a series in a circle as in Sisyrosea textula on the an- terior and posterior segments, but centrally reduced to three setre of
62 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
equal length, with the others rudimentary at the base, or absent. De- pressed spaces represented by whitish spots, distinct but unmodified at the surface of the skin; (i) paired and alternating with (2) in the dorsal space; (4) and (6) on the posterior half of the segment in the lateral space in an unpigmented area; (5) indistinguishable. The spiracle of joint 5 is above the line of the lateral horns. No caltropes or detachable spines are present. Skin at first wrinkled shagreened, later finely granular. This larva neatly connects Sisyrosea textula with the other spined Eucleids. The horns are of nearly equal length as in S. textula, but the three anterior ones are a little length- ened, while the subdorsal of joint 8 is not, thus foreshadowing the structure of Sibine. The general shape is that of the spined Euclids, not specially flattened as in S. textula, though the lateral horns are longer than the subdorsals at one stage, indicating an affinity with Sisyrosea that is shown also in the wrinkled skin, the depressed spaces situated in posterior pigmentless areas separated by raised bars, the absence of caltropes, etc. The similarity is by far greatest in the early stages and the two larvre continually diverge during ontogeny. Stage I is almost the same as in S. textula. Examples of the latter occur with the central horns partly degenerated as in N. nasoni. This condition is an evident approach to the three-spined horns of the higher member of the groups such as Sibine, Euclea, Parasa, etc.
Affinities, Habits, Ere.
This larva represents the oldest type of spined Eucleid, possessing true stinging spines, that is found in North America. The moth be- longs to a wide-spread type. Species with exactly the same pattern of coloration occur in both India and Africa and one at least of them is con- generic with our species. I am not certain that it may not prove con- specific. N. nasoni occurs throughout the Southern States to Mexico. Mr. H. Druce has redescribed it from the latter country as Perola daona from Jalapa and Costa Rica. In New York State it finds its northern limit and has only a precarious foothold in the State. The occurrence is in a limited area through the hilly central portion of Long Island, including the towns of Ronkonkoma and Yaphank, where I have collected it. Southward it reappears at Plainfield, N. J., and further south is doubtless more wide-spread, although not often reported by collectors. It is not rare in the District of Columbia.
The moths emerge at the end of June and early in July. The emer-
Mar. 7890.] DVAR : LiFE HISTORIES OF N. Y. SlUG CATERPILLARS. 63
gence takes place late in the afternoon or early evening, flight occurs early, pairing the same night and the eggs begin to be laid the following night. They are placed singly or in small groups on the under sides of the leaves. The larvae are found usually several on the same plant on low shrubs or the lower limbs of trees of their food plants. The first stage may be found rarely as late as the first of August, and the first mature larvae early in September. There is but a single brood in the year. The larvae rest on the under sides of the leaves, colored green, without conspicious marks. The sting- ing power of the spines is not great, and the subdorsal ones are bent down outwardly at maturity when not in use. There are eight larval stages, occasionally but seven by the omission of the normal stage III. The sexes have different attitudes of rest. The 9 moth sits with the body bent over the back, the wings closed beneath it and parallel to the twig, as is usual. The S sits in the reverse position, the head hanging down, the body enclosed by the wings of which only the tips touch the twig. It holds loosely by the middle legs, which are partly extended, the other pairs being folded up. In this position the white dots at the bases of the forelegs and bases of antennae are quite con- spicuous. The 9 does not exhibit the white dots, though possessing them.
Criticism of Previous Descriptions. Glover gives a recognizable figure of the larva, life-size, but with- out identification. I have myself briefly referred to some of the char- acters in comparison with certain Australian forms.
Description of the Several Stages in Detail.
£gg. Elliptical, flat, very large, translucent whitish, shining ; reticulations distinct, linear, irregularly quadrangular. Size, 2xi.6x . I mm.
Stage I. (Plate I, fig. i.) Head whitish, eye black; body el- liptical, dorsal space broadest anteriorly, not narrower centrally ; seg- ments fairly well marked ; skin smooth. A subdorsal and a lateral row of thick, horn-like prominences, eleven in the subdorsal row (joints 3 to 13), nine in the lateral row (joints 3, 4, 6 to 12); the subdorsals of joints 3, 4 and 13 large, well developed, of the structure of Sisyrosea textula, an apical seta and radiating crown around it, all with enlarged tips (Plate I, fig. 3). The central subdorsals, as well
64 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi.vii.
as the laterals (except on joints 3 and 4) have essentially the same structure, but are smaller and the setas are partly reduced or degen- erate, three setce of equal length, with very rudimentary ones around the bases of these. The subdorsal row stand nearly erect, the lateral ones are horizontal. Color whitish, a faint, more opaque yellowish tint centrally on joints 6 to 9. Length i.i mm. The larva does not feed.
Stage II. As in stage II of Sisy rosea textiila; dorsal space not rounded at joint 3, even, subdorsal horns nearly erect. There are 7 to 10 spines on a horn, the apical one not setiferous. Segmental in- cisures rather well marked. No depressed spaces, the skin pitted- shagreened, finely reticulate, the lines catching the light under a high power. Color greenish white, immaculate. Length, i.i to 1.8 mm.
Stage III. As in the next stage, but without color. Horns sub- equal, the subdorsals a little longer than the laterals, the subdorsal of joint 13 rather large and directed backward; lower spines of lateral horns bulbous and setiferous, the rest stinging spines, black tipped. Skin finely reticulate, granular, irregular, without definite form to the sculpturing. All pale green, a square, yellowish patch centrally, seen by transparency. Length, 1.8-2.8 mm. In seven-stage larvae the length reaches 3.9 mm.
Stage IV. Elliptical, rather square before and behind ; dorsal space moderate, lateral space a little broader, subventral space re- tracted, small. Horns normal in number (subdorsals on 3 to 13, lat- erals 3, 4, 6 to 12) short, rather thick, all alike, forming a regular ellipse from side view, the subdorsals of joints 3, 4, 5 and 13 and lat- erals of 3 and 4 a trifle stouter than the others. Each horn has about 15 black-tipped spines arising from conical bases. Color green, a faint yellow subdorsal line on joints 3 to 13, the pair parallel, a nar- row broken yellow dorsal line ; addorsal spaces appear as white dots and a larger yellow dot on joint 9 anteriorly. Horns concolorous ex- cept the subdorsals of joints 3 to 5, which are bright red, especially 4 and 5 (Plate I, fig. 4). Skin densely flat or concave-granular, shagreened, the joining of the obscure granules appearing like a fine reticulum. Depressed spaces (i) and (2) represented by pale dots, (4) as slight hollows without difi"erentiation of the surface. At end of stage a yellow bridge joins spaces (i) on joint 9. Length, 2.8 to 3.9 mm.
Stage V. Essentially as before. The subdorsal horns of 3, 4, 5
Mar, 1899.] DyaR : LiFE-HlSTORIES OF N. Y. SlUG CATERPILLARS. 65
and 13 are a little larger than the others, those of joints 4 and 5 bright red, that of 3 as well as the laterals of 3 and 4, pale red ; all the rest green. An obscure yellow line along the subdorsal ridge on joints 3 to 1 2 connects the horns in a series of lunate dashes ; a dorsal row of segmental pale dots, largest on joint 11. Segmental incisures well marked in paler lines. Body green from the blood, brighter anteriorly. The addorsal depressed dots and the large lateral ones (4) are whitish. Horns short, rounded, not much tapering, well spined. Skin very finely densely clear granular, the granules much like those in the bot- tom of the depressed spaces of H. flexuosa.^ Length, 3.7 to 6.0 mm. Stage VI. Dorsal space moderately broad, even, flat or a little concave, only turning down at the ends ; sides folded in above the lateral horns, concave, nearly perpendicular above ; subventral space much contracted, the lateral horns touching the leaf. Subdorsal horns small, conical, projecting at an angle of 45° except those of joint 13, which project obliquely backward ; 3 to 5 and 13 are a little the larg- est. Lateral horns distinctly longer than the subdorsals, bearing sev- eral swollen-tipped setiferous spines among the others. Cleiar leaf green, horns of joints 3 and 4 and the subdorsals of 5 and 13 red, 13 the palest ; a narrow yellow subdorsal line ; a geminate dor.sal yellow line composed of a double series of lunate marks, which enclose the addorsal dots in the concavities and touch the paired dorsal dots with theirapices (Plate I, fig. 5). This marking is faint on joints 3 and 13. On the sides, the reniform (4) and round (6) spots are whitish in a single large depressed area, cutting off the front of the segment as a dark green bar. The paired dorsal dot on joint 9 is now scarcely defined from the regular dorsal marking. Skin uniformly granular shagreened, the sides of the low granules radially corrugated to the base. Horns granular ; spines of the red horns blacker than the others. No caltropes. Length, 6 to 9.3 mm.
Stage VII. Elongate, dorsum flat, sides not narrowed till the ends, the lateral horns almost touching the leaf. Bright green, the narrow, pale yellow subdorsal lines of joints 4 to 13, joined by a straight line
*The skin structure is practically the same in stages II to IV, showing under the microscope shining lines in small, dense, irregularly hexagonal reticulations, not re- vealing a very definite structure (Plate I, fig. 8). It is the same as in S. textula, but the reticulations are more regular, distinctly round, not elongate. In S. textula they are elongate, somewhat sinuate and more confused. After stage IV the larvae diverge, nasoni becoming granular.
66 Journal New York Emtomological Societv. [Voi. vii.
between the horns of joint 4 enclosing a double pale waved line of nine loops around the paired dorsal dots, much as in the next stage (Plate I, fig. 6); a tiny single dot between the pairs of (i). Be- tween the horns of joints 3 and 4 are six dots ; a bar before the last pair. On the sides the white dots (4) and (6) are in large reniform pigmentless areas with a whitish bordering line. Horns all red tipped, the former red ones the brightest. Spines black and white, some banded, darkest on the largest horns. Skin very finely subconic, or pointed granular, not shagreened except slightly at the bases of the subdorsal horns above. No caltropes, but the spines of the later a horns are short and dense at base. Length, 9- 3-1 3- 5 mm.
StOi^e VIII. Shape as described, the side horns suddenly shortened to less than half their former length. They are now shorter than the subdorsals which become contractile on joints 4 to 1 2 and are bent outward, appressed to the sides. Subdorsal horns of 3 and lateral of 3 and 4 are small and short, the laterals of 6 to 1 2 green, broad and low, not as long as wide, with only a few short spines and some clubbed ones on the lower outer side. Subdorsals of joints 5 to 1 2 red, forming round cushions not as long as wide, bearing a tuft of banded or black-tipped spines at the apex ; on joint 13 longer and tapering, pinkish red. Body green, well pigmented, apparently uni- formly in both bars and spaces down to and surrounding the lateral horns. Depressed spaces (i), (2), (4) and (6) and the pattern of lines more distinct than before, pale whitish, the subdorsal line narrow, concolorous and uniform with the other lines (Plate I, fig. 6).
Depressed space (i) forms a long curved slit instead of paired dots as before, and there is a pale dot behind it. Skin nearly contin- uously conic, clear granular, horns, depressed spaces and all, the green pigment situated in the bases of the granules just as the red is in Eiulea itidetermhia, absent in the light markings which are colored only by the blood. Spines with sharp black tip, shaft white, often banded, the degenerated ones clubbed (Plate I, fig. 9); some at the bases of the horns are very small. (Plate I, fig. 2.) Length, 13.5 to 18.3 mm. The color for pupation is only a slight paling. The larva still rests on the leaf for twenty -one hours, the horns dull red, erected. Finally it voids a little clear fluid and enters the ground to spin.
Cocoon. With the characters of the group, but thin, less firm in texture than usual and more blackish in color.
Food plants. Black oak, hickory, chestnut, beech and ironwood.
Mar. iSgg] DyAR : LiFE HiSTORY OF DiPHTHERA FaLLAX.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE L
Fig. I. Larva, stage I, enlarged.
" 2. Horns of last stage, enlarged ; lateral horn above, subdorsal below.
" 3. A single horn of stage I, enlarged (joint 3).
" 4. Larva, stage IV, dorsal view.
" 5. Pattern of dorsal marking, stage V.
" 6. Mature larva, three-quarters view, enlarged.
" 7. The same, front view.
" 8. Skin sculpture, stage IV.
" 9. Some of the spines enlarged.
" 10. Moth of jVatada nasoni.
LIFE-HISTORY OF DIPHTHERA FALLAX H.-S. By Harrison G. Dyar.
This larva possesses the characters of the Apatelae, having many- haired warts. The warts degenerate during ontogeny, becoming functionless. The nearest allies seem to be Polygra»imate hebraicum and Harrisimemna trisignata.
Egg. — Circular, much flattened, domed, about 48 ribs, diminish- ing by confluence toward vertex, which is irregularly reticularly ribbed ; ribs slightly fluted, the space smooth, finely punctate shagreened ; no cross striae ; micropyle smooth. Waxy white, scarcely shiny, no marks ; diameter, i mm. ; height, 2 mm.
Stage I. — Head rounded, eye black, mouth brown, otherwise translucent, colorless; width, .25 mm. Body translucent, slightly whitish ; segments convex ; hairs white, spinulose, single, i to v pres- ent, i slightly blackish except on joint 11 which looks paler; hairs equal, quite distinct, iv above v ; no subprimaries ; feet normal.
Stage II. — Head slightly bilobed, colorless; width. 4 mm., warts almost in line transversely, iv nearly imperceptible ; all Avith central hair and distinct crown of long hairs. Hairs pale, except the central one of warts i and ii which are black. Translucent green from the foot with faint traces of a white subdorsal line.
Stage III. — Head whitish green; width .75 mm. Body some- what flattened, especially behind ; head retracted at apex. Body clear green with narrow white subdorsal line and a broken dorsal one. Warts moderate, i and ii on joint 12 in a square ; iv behind the upper edge of the spiracle, v just below, iv and v about equal, vi large. Hairs quite numerous, short, pale and black mixed, spinulose. Later all the warts are narrowly pale brown. Body narrowed behind.
68 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi vii.
Stage IV. — Head round, whitish green, a diffuse dark brown shade on the angles of the lobes ; width 1.4 mm. Body short and hunched, thick, somewhat flat, anal feet spreading ; clear green, warts i to v purplish brown, the dorsal and subdorsal lines narrow, broken, white. Hairs very short, fine, but numerous from all the warts, purplish brown mixed with pale. Warts i and ii about in line transversely, iv behind the spiracle, v very remote and below it, vi small, pale, somewhat hidden. Skin finely brown spinulose. Later all the warts i to vi be- came brown, a brown ring around spiracles. Wart ii on joints 2, 5, 8, 9 and 1 1 have slightly larger brown spots and these have a slight tendency to form a brown stripe.
Stage V. — Head rounded, green, wrinkly, black dotted on the angles of the lobes ; width 2.4 mm. Body flattened, short and thick, smaller behind ; feet normal, of good size. Warts nearly obsolete, not elevated ; the hairs, though still numerous, very short and fine, minute, invisible without a lens, so that the larva looks hairless. Soft velvety green, the skin minutely spinulose ; narrow dorsal and broader subdorsal pale lines, faint, not contrasting. All the wart areas faintly marked in velvety red-brown, the spiracles also and tips of feet. The most distinct spots are on the front edge of cervical shield, spiracle of joint 12 and a dorsal patch between the subdorsal lines on joint 13, which are here closely approximated. Hairs on head, anterior edge of joint 2 and anal plate coarser than elsewhere and rather distinct. Spiracles black. The larva narrows much behind and sits on the leat stem which it fits admirably, the brown dorsal spot blending with the bark. With growth the brown spots fade, except at the ends and spiracles, and the warts appear as uncolored scars ; all velvety green, soft, not opaque, quite smooth, the hairs as inconspicuous as the skin spinules. The only marking is the three narrow white lines. At the end of the stage the larva turns sordid waxy-red and leaves the plant.
Cocoon. — Bored in soft wood or a frail web in a crevice. The larva threw out some dust, but formed no balls of chips.
Pupa. — Smooth, slightly shining, the cases obscurely wrinkled, and abdominal segments slightly punctured anteriorly ; normal for Noctuidas. Cremaster low, four spines in a transverse row, stout, straight, directed obliquely upward ; a slight ridge on cremaster below each spine.
Food plant. Viburnum dentatum. The larvae occurred sparingly, solitary, in moist land at Southhaven, L. I.
Joiirn. N V. Km. Soc.
Vol. VII. PL I.
Life-History of Natada nasoni.
JOURNAL
Jlf\a JBork ^Inj^omologiral HoriFig*
\rol. VII. JUNE, 1899. No. 2.
NOTE ON THE SECONDARY ABDOMINAL LEGS IN THE MEGALOPYGIDiE.
plate ii, figs. 1-3.
By Harrison G. Dyar.
I have contended that the additional pairs of abdominal legs present in Megalopygidse on abdominal segments 2 and 7 are secondary struc- tures, leading up to the form shown in the Eucleidae. Recently in watching the progression of a larva of M. operciilaris on a smooth glass surface, I observed that the parts of the feet bearing crotchets were not used, but a small disk on the anterior side of each foot was applied to the glass in the same way as the membranous feet of segments 2 and 7. There is no disk on the last segment. Thus the Megalopygidse have two distinct sets of abdominal feet, the normal ones, with crotchets, on segments 3 to 6 and 10 and the secondary membranous ones, function- ing more as sucking disks, on segments 2 to 7. The larvae are adapted to walk both on rough surfaces with the r hooked feet, or on smooth ones with the membanous disks. The structures which I mention have been detected by Burmeister and accurately described. He says that segments 2 and 7 have " un couss n rond aplati, qui res- semble a la plante d'un pied ;" on segments 3 to 6 ** il y a un second coussin plus grand, qui ressemble, a une veritable patte membraneuse porvue d'une plante sineuse et d'une couronne de petits crochets cor- nes;" on segments 10 a normal foot " completement conformee comme les quatres moyennes des six anneaux anterieurs mais sans la petite plante accessoire de celles-ci." I have italicized the important words. Fig. I shows the ventral aspect of the membranous foot of M. opercii- laris on abdominal segments 2 and 7 ; Fig. 2 the foot of segments 3 to 6 with the disk in front and the bent line of crotchets behind; Fig. 3 shows the normally formed foot of segment 10. I wish to emphasize this interpretation of these peculiar abdominal feet, as I believe that it shows very well the origin of the creeping disk of the Eucleidae. Me-
70 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vii.
ga/opyge differs from the Anthroceridse and Pyromorphidae only in the addition of the menabranous pads to the ordinary feet. We have only to imaging the loss of the crochets and the extension of the pads till they touch each other, to give essentially the Eucleid structure.*
NOTE ON TWO HYDRGECIA LARVAE.
plate ii, figs. 4-6.
By Harrison G. Dyar.
Mr. H. Bird has recently presented to the National Museum larvai of Hydnvcia uitela and H. piirpm-ifascia. A remarkable difference is seen between them in the ])osition of one tubercle on the seventh abdom- inal segment. The general rule in the Noctuidseis to have tubercle iv on the seventh segment low down near tubercle v, and this position is seen in H. nitela (Plate II, Fig. 5) In H. purpurijascia, however, this tubercle has been moved upward to the upper corner of the spiracle as on the other segments (Plate II, Fig. 4). The Hydroecia larvae are borers, and it is apparently requisite that such larvae should protect the extremities and surround the spiracles by corneous shields. For this purpose all the tubercles are large and distinct, even the ordinarily ob- scure tubercle iiia is plainly seen before the spiracle (compare the other- wise generalized Hypena hicmuli (Plate II, Fig. 6), which does not show iiia). On most of the segments tubercle iv behind the spiracle, iii above it, iiia before and v below form sufficient protection ; but on the seventh abdominal segment there is a lack of protection behind, ap- parently in a place where it is most needed. It would appear that the two Hydrxcia larvae before me have independently attempted to cor- rect this defect, and owing to some inherent difference of organization, have used different means to this end. H. piirpi/ri/ascia has moved tubercle iv bodily upward into the place of greatest efficiency. H. nitela, on the other hand, has developed an additional small tubercle at the upper corner of the spiracle, which bears no seta. This little shield va- ries in size in different larvae, its character being still not firmly fixed in the species. It would be interesting to examine the other species of Hydroecia in this respect.
*It is to be noted that there are no feet on the anal segment in the Eucleidse- The suckers are on the first eight abdominal segments, the first and last not so well developed as the others. These (/. e., on abdominal segments I and 8) are in excess of those present in AI'\s;alopyge , but their less degree of development favors the view of their recent acquisition.
June 1899.1 CaSEV : On AMERICAN CoCCtNEl.l.lD/E. 71
A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN COCCINELLIDiE.
Bv Thos. L. Casey.
The object of the following pages is to give a short outline or sketch of every species occurring within the limits of the United States accessible to me at the present time, and also to invite attention to certain features in the taxonomy of the family which do not seem to have been hitherto brought to notice. In an appendix a list of African species is given, containing quite a number of novelties, and the descriptions of certain new species from other parts of the world are also appended.
COCCINELLID^..
The separation of this family into two parts based upon mandibu- lar structure has never seemed entirely satisfactory to me ; first, because of the difficulty of observing the character, causing the classification of Chapuis to be unpractical, and, secondly, because Epilachna and related genera are merely pubescent halyziids, slightly modified by reason of perverted food habits and attendant environments. Many of the Harpalini of the Carabidte are known to be either Avholly or partially phytophagous, but no one has proposed to divide the Carabidte on these lines, and would scarcely do so even if a minute structural divergence in the mandibles existed, and it has never been demon- strated that the mandibular teeth serving as the basis of the Chapuisian classification are not found elsewhere in the family. The Epilachnini, in fact, resemble the Psylloborini in all external structures, including the long antennae, a character of more importance than has apparently been conceded. In view of these facts I have not employed the classi- fication of Chapuis in the following pages.
The latter author appeared also to be constantly striving to reduce the generic groups hitherto proposed, but this cannot be done with pro- priety, and many more will be needed, both of genera and tribes, before the taxonomy of the family can be made entirely clear. This is well shown by some small species which we had held to belong to the genus Peutilia, until Weise recently proved that they were in no way re- lated, and separated them under the name Sinilia ; as a matter of fact they do not resemble Pentilia at all, and are much more closely allied
72 JouRiNAL New York Entomological Society. [Voi. mi.
to Scvmniis. Again, our representatives of Cryptognatha are likewise widely separated from the Cryptognatlia of Mulsant, and form in reality one of the most isolated types of the family, the special character re- lating to the prosternum, which caused LeConte to associate them, being of subordinate value and liable to appear in any tribe ; it exists, for instance, in Stethorus of the Scymnini, and in Nipiis of the Crano- phorini, though not the distinguishing feature of that remarkable type. In Zagloba of the Scymnillini it also tends to reappear. Again the genus Rhyzobius is tribally distinct from Stymnits in the structure of the eyes, antennae and epipleurae.
The character relating to the anterior coxal cavities, announced by LeConte, is apparently of no significance even if wholly true, as it would bring together genera with no special affiliation otherwise, and the character made use of by Mulsant to separate Coccinellini from Cariini is of no value, there being no tribal difference between Cocci- nella and Synonycha, in spite of their general dissimilarity of habitus.
The abdomen is composed throughout of five segments, but the genital armature sometimes becomes distinct and assumes the form of a sixth segment. This character is very useful in the classification of the tribes related to Chilocorini, and of the compact Coccinellidaj hav- ing narrow epipleurse, as will appear ; it generally affects both sexes and is particularly developed in the Hyperaspini. The Hyperaspini of Chapuis include several distinct tribes, and those with but five ventral segments should be removed, the retractility of the legs and epipleural depressions not being tribal characters necessarily, but ap- pearing in several tribes with the legs generally free.
The tarsi in this family are in reality 4-jointed, the third small and generally forming a rigidly anchylosed basal lobe of the last, but it is sometimes free or partially so. The second is lobed beneath, the lobe truncate at tip and hollowed on its upper surface, not bilobed as stated by Crotch (Rev. Cocc, p. 53).
In the following pages I have made use of all generic types, for- eign and native, which have been accessible to me, and regret that my exotic material might not have been more extensive. Where names not belonging to the fauna of the United States are introduced they are preceded by an asterisk.
Crotch employs the name affinis Rand., for the species vefiusta and notulata, but in error, as affinis, of Randall, is simply a synonym of Hypcraspis hi not at a Say.
June 1899]. Casey : On American Coccinellid.'e. 73
The family may be divided into numerous tribes, as follows: — Middle coxae narrowly separated ; body glabrous, elongate-oval, the epipleurre mod- erately wide, horizontal ; legs long, free, the femora extending beyond the sides of the body ; abdomen with the genital or sixth segment visible in both sexes ; head not deeply inserted, the prothorax strongly sinuate but not covering the eyes ;
epistoma, eyes and antennce as in Coccinellini Hii-podamiinI
INIiddle coxce widely separated ; legs shorter, the femora generally not extending be- yond the sides of the body ; head deeply inserted, the pronotum covering a con- siderable part of the eyes except in certain rare cases such as Selvadius 2
2 — Eyes finely faceted 3
Eyes coarsely faceted ; antennae long, with the club loose ; body pubescent ; abdo- men with the sixth segment visible in both sexes 18
3 — Epipleurae wide, concave, strongly descending externally ; body loosely articulated,
generally rounded in form 4
Epipleurte narrow, generally horizontal, flat or feebly concave ; body compact,
generally oval in form 14
4 — Fourth joint of the maxillary palpi securiform 5
Fourth joint narrow, elongate with circular section, finely acuminate at tip 13
5 — Epistoma narrowed from the base, sometimes expanded slightly at apex, the an-
tennal fossae more or less exposed 6
Epistoma broadly dilated, concealing the antenna and subdividing the eyes II
6 — Legs free ; antennae more or less elongate ; sixth ventral segment small but visible
in both sexes 7
Legs retractile and lodged in moderately deep to shallow depressions ; antenna; short ; abdomen with five segments, the fifth longer, the sixth always invisible. 10
7 — Upper surface of the body glabrous 8
Upper surface pubescent 9
8 — Epistoma more or less sinuate at apex and obliquely dentiform at the sides, the sinus generally more or less closed by a semi-corneous additional piece united to the front without visible suture ; antennas more or less approximate to the eyes, which are narrowly and rather deeply emarginate, the fossae large, with dis- tinctly overreaching superior ridge ; prothorax deeply emarginate ; body mod- erate to large in size Coccinellini
Epistoma narrower, truncate, without serai-corneous additional piece and not ob- liquely denticulate at the sides, the antennae more frontal in insertion and more distant from the eyes, which are broadly and more feebly sinuate, the fossae small, more exposed frontally and with very slight superior ridge ; body smaller, with thinner integuments, the head small, the prothorax smaller, very feebly sinuate at apex, with broadly rounded apical angles; antenna; slender, with the last joint
elongate Psylloborini
9 — Antennas long, with loosely articulated club, inserted within very small and com- pletely exposed subfrontal foveae remote from the eyes, nearly as in Psylloborini, the eyes not or only very feebly sinuato-truncate ; epistoma truncate, not denticu- late at the sides ; prothorax deeply emarginate at apex ; mandibles bifid at tip and denticulate within ; body rounded or elongate-oval, the legs free.
Epilachnini
74 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vh.
lo — Epistoma feebly sinuate, with rounded lateral angles and coriaceous margin within the sinus, the sides sinuate above the moderate exposed antennal fovese, the eyes deeply but very narrowly emarginated by the post-antennal canthus ; mandibles simple and finely acumiuate at tip ; body rounded, very convex, the prothorax very deeply emarginate and formed as in Chilocorini . . . .*PentiliinI
II — Upper surface glabrous ; body very convex or subcompressed, rounded, the abdo- men with five segments, a small genital segment visible in the males ; antennae very short, more or less bent, the club with four connate joints ; legs free or feebly retractile Chilocorini
Upper surface pubescent ; legs retractile within shallow depressions ; antennae very short, bent 12
12 — Abdomen composed of six segments nearly as in Hyperaspini, the fifth short.
*Platynaspini
Abdomen composed of five segment, the fifth large and rounded, the sixth wholly invisible in both sexes ; body very small, rounded *Telsimiini
13 — Body rounded or oval, very convex, pubescent or partially so ; epistoma large but not dilated, broadly rounding from the base into the apex, which is feebly sinuate medially ; eyes entire, the antenna; short and slender, straight, inserted in small exposed fovea; very close to the eyes ; prosternum widely separating the coxae, bicarinate, flat ; abdomen composed of but five segments, the fifth large, rounded ; basal node of the last tarsal joint free ; legs retractile, the impressions feebly concave ; prothorax deeply emarginate *Pharini
14 — Abdomen composed of only five segments, the genital segment wholly obsolete in both sexes, the fifth segment large, ogival or rounded 15
Abdomen with the sixth segment well developed and distinct in both sexes, the fifth shorter 16
15 — Legs strongly retractile within deep concavities of the under surface ; prosternum widely separating the coxce, strongy deflexed at tip, forming a protection to the mouth in repose; eyes entire; antennae with exposed insertion; body oval) moderately convex, glabrous or only partially pubescent (Eneini
Legs free ; prosternum flat, remotely separating the coxa;, the apex not deflexed or with feeble tendency thereto ; antennal foveee shallow, the eyes narrowly and deeply emarginate ; body rounded or oval, moderately convex, pubescent or par- tially so SCYMNILI.INI
16 — Body glabrous ; epipleura? generally slightly descending externally but relatively narrow ; legs moderately retractile or free ; eyes emarginate or entire.
Hyperaspini
Body pubescent ; epipleura; generally flat and horizontal ; legs always free 17
17 — Pronotum covering the head, rounded or feebly truncate in front; body oval or elongate-oval, moderately convex, subglabrous in Nipus Cranophorini
Pronotum deeply sinuate at apex and never produced ; body oval or oblong-oval.
SCYMNINI
18 — Prothorax narrowed anteriorly from the base ; epipleurae moderately wide and more or less concave, descending externally Rhyzobiini
Prothorax narrowed at base ; body elongate ; epipleurix very narrow, flat and horizon- tal COCCIDULINI
June 1899.] Casey: On American CocciNELLiDye. 75
The Rhyzobiini are not marked with an asterisk as they have been to some extent acclimated in California ; they are not however, as far as known, endemic.
HiPPODAMIINI.
The characters heretofore used to distinguish this tribe from the Coccinellini are of little or no value, as the sternal and ventral post- coxal plates or arcs are frequently both as distinct in the former as in the latter, but the ventral plates are always short, as in those Coccinel- lini allied to Adalia.
The Hippodamiini are not relatively very numerous and are almost essentially American. They may be distinguished at once from the Coccinellini by the elongate-oval form of the body, narrowly separated intermediate coxa^ and the other characters given in the table. The frequently obsolete or ill-defined post-coxal lines are the obvious re- sult of long disuse, as the legs are unusually developed for the present family and perfectly non-retractile. The genera before me may be distinguished as follows : — Tarsal claws simple, being evenly arcuate, slender and very acutely pointed, with a
more or less slight bulbifomi enlargement at base 2
Tarsal claws acutely pointed, with a large quadrate basal tooth within, separated from
the slender apical part by a deep acute fissure — a very usual structure in Coc-
cinellidae 5
Tarsal claws slender, bifid within behind the apex, the two lobes unequal in length
and both acutely pointed 7
2 — Sternal and ventral coxal plates both dis inct ; basal angles of the prothorax obtuse
but distinct and not rounded 3
Sternal plates distinct, the abdominal obsolete 4
Sternal and ventral plates both completely obsolete 5
3 — Body'oval, the elytra maculate and stronglv punctate ; side margins all strongly
and quite broadly reflexed Anisosticta
Body elongate and subparallel, the elytra vittate and finely punctate ; side margins
very narrowly reflexed Macroiisemla
4 — Basal angles of the prothorax broadly rounded Nsemia
5 — Basal angles broadly rounded as in Ncrmia ... Paraosemia
6 — Body nearly as in Nctini'i, the elytra andpronotum almost similarly ornamented ;
sternal and ventral plates both completely obsolete Megilla
7 — Base of the prothorax rounded in the middle ; sternal and ventral plates variously
developed or wanting hippodamia
Another genus of our fauna, — Ceratoviegilla of Crotch, — is un- known to me but is said to differ from Megilla in having the third joint of the antennae dilated and triangular. Eriopis, which is said to
76 Journal New York Entomological Society, [voi. vii.
occur here, differs from Hippodamia only in having the base of the prothorax sinuate at the middle. Afiisos/icfa is represented within our confines by bitriangularis Say (^^multiguttata Rand.), related to the European ig-pi/tictata, and still more closely to strigata, but distinct from either. Maa'oncemia (gen. nov.) has for its unique representa- tive the Coccinella episcopalis of Kirby, assigned to NcBtnia by Mulsant. JVcEfuia has for its type, and only species within the United States, the Coccinella seriafa of Melsheimer (^■=Iitigiosa Muls. ).
Parangemia, gen. nov. The type of this genus is the Hippodamia viitigera, of Mannerheim, assigned to N^icniia by Mulsant. The specimens in my cabinet may be grouped in the two following closely allied species or perhaps sub- species : —
Form short and broadly suboval, the prothorax twice as wide as long and broadly rounded at base ; elytra rather shining and distinctly punctate. Length 4.8— 5.2 mm.; width 2.9-3.0 mm. California vlttigera Mann.
Form more elongate but broad and subparallel, larger, though similarly ornamented with black, the prothorax much less than twice as wide as long and more strongly rounded at base ; elytra strongly alutaceous and more finely and very much more sparsely punctate. Length 5.2-6,4 mm.; width 2.9-3.4 mm. Colorado and Arizona similis, .sp. nov.
Megilla Muls. The type assumed by Mulsant is the M. mac 11 lata, of De Geer (Spec, p. 24), but this name was applied by its author to one of the large South American forms, which are in all probability specifically distinct from our farailar and very constant modification, and it is therefore proper to apply the name fuscilabris to the latter. The ma- terial before me indicates three species or subspecies as follows : —
Head finely and feebly punctured ; surface lustre alutaceous ; pronotum narrowly re- flexed at the sides 2
Head strongly and closely punctured ; lustre much more shining, the pronotum more broadly reflexed at the sides 3
2 — Prothorax less than twice as wide as long. Length 4.7-6.2 mm.; width 2.7- 3.4 mm. Delaware, North Carolina, Iowa, Arizona and California (Yuma).
luscilabris Muh.
Prothorax twice as wide as long ; body larger and much more broadly oval. Length 5.2-7.2 mm.; width 3.0-4.0 mm. Texas (Brownsville) .. .htrenua, sp. nov.
3 — Body in form and size nearly as in fuscilabris, the ground color of the type yel- lowish, the discal tran.sverse spot of the elytra posteriorly angulate ; punctures of the elytra fine and rather close. Length 5 7 mm.; width 2.9 mm. Hon- duras meoialis, sp. nov.
JuneiSgg-] CaSEY : O.V AMERICAN COCCINELLID^. 77
These forms are all virtually similar in ornamentation to the com- mon yz/jv/Az/r/^.
Hippodamia Chev. The species of this genus are rather numerous, and constitute by far the larger part of the tribe ; they are frequently closely allied among themselves and are common to the arctic and subarctic faunas of both hemispheres, although poorly represented in the paltearctic provinces. The sternal and ventral plates lose all value in a generic sense, and the Adonia of Mulsant, must consequently be suppressed, as suggested by Crotch. Sometimes, as in parenthesis and apiealis, both the' sternal and ventral plates are distinct and as perfect as in Anisosticta. In obliqiia and eonvergens, also, they are similar, though more feebly out- lined. In leeontei, qin?iqi/esi'gnata, with related species, and in the siniiata group, the sternal plates become obsolete or very indistinct, but the ventral are still complete or very nearly. In glaeialis the sternal plates are completely obliterated and the ventral are only represented by an oblique and isolated external line, and finally in tredeeempunc- tata, the type of the genus, both plates become obsolete.
Hippodamia (^Adonia') variegata of Goeze, {constellata Laich.), is a European species which is said to occur within the United States ; this is probably an error, however, and it is omitted from the following table of the American species known to me by actual examples. The sternal and ventral plates are exactly as va. parenthesis and apiealis, but in habitus and ornamentation it agrees with the majority of species much better than they : —
Pronotum with a broad pale lateral border enclosing an isolated black dot or dot- like spur from the central black area, the latter without trace of the usual white discal diverging lines ; elytra each very constantly with six rounded black dots, and also a small common scutellar spot ; femora black, the tibice and ^tarsi pale throughout ; claws rather thicker and more feebly arcuate than usual. Length 4.3-5.3 mm.; width 2.4-3.3 "^i"- Europe, Siberia and the United States.
{tibialis Say] 1 3-punctata Linn.
Pronotum with a narrower white lateral margin which is intruded upon by a more or less pronounced angulation of the central black area, occasionally completely dividing the white area, in which case the white near the basal angles also fre- quently disappears ; legs black throughout, the anterior sometimes in part pale,
especially in those species with distinctly formed sternal and ventral plates 2
2 — Pronotum without trace of a median white spot at the basal margin ; sternal and
abdominal plates very variable in development ■ 3
Pronotum with a white or whitish median spot at the basal margin ; sternal and abdominal plates both distinct, the latter complete but short, extending to about the middle of the segment 21
78 Journal New York Entomological Society. [VoLvii.
3_Elytra completely black, with two small and obsolescent transverse whitish spots at the basal margin and one on each elytron, larger and triangular, at the lateral margin and apical fourth. Length 6. 0 mm. ; width 4. o mm. California to Van-
-, 1 J moestaZ^f.
couver Island
Elytra red, with a transverse basal fascia of black, either complete and constant, or formed occasionally and in certain individuals by the coalescence of the small scutellar and two post-scutellar spots with the two humeral 4
Elvtra never with a transverse basal fascia, the two post-scutellar points when pres- ' ent never coalescent with the scutellar spot, the latter always very small or obso- lete ■ elytra frequently immaculate, generally very .finely and inconspicuously
' , II
punctured
Elvtra never with a tranverse basal band or post-scutellar spots, the scutellar spot
' larger and more or less elongate-oval or rhomboidal, sometimes involving almost
the entire suture ; discal and humeral spots tending to unite to form a black
vitta; marginal white area of the pronotum narrow and subequal m width
throughout, the diverging discal lines distinct, the outer post-median spot when
disconnected always small, the inner large '7
4-Subapical black spot of the elytra constantly large and chstinct ; body generally
more broadly oval ' *
Subapical black spot constantly wanting or extremely rudimentary ; body generally more narrowly oval ; lateral angulation of the pronotal black area pronounced, ' the white margin very broad anteriorly, frequently intenupted in the middle, the
basal part sometimes obsolete as in typical externa 8
5-Lateral angulation of the black pronotal area strong, frequently dividing the white marginal area, the apical and basal parts of the latter wider, the basal becoming obsolete in typical examples oi 5-signata ; body larger and more broadly oval^
the pronotal punctures very fine and not close-set
Lateral angulation of the central black area very obtuse, the marginal white area nar- row throughout but entire '
6— Basal band of the elytra broad, very constant and almost equally wide throughout, obtusely truncate at its lateral limits on the callus and angularly involving the scutellum; post-median black spot large, somewhat obliquely transverse, straight, even, extending nearer to the side margin than the suture. Length 6.2 mm. ; width 4.0 mm. Colorado, Lake Superior and Hudson Bay [ nmhanti
, ' 5-signata Kirhy
Basal band of the elytra rarely entire and then very irregular, the scutellar and post- scutellar points generally coalescent, forming a trilobed star, which is generally isolated from the humeral spots ; post-median black spot transversely arcuate or sinuate, evidently formed by the amalgamation of two transverse spots, the sub- sutural slightly the more basal. Length 4-9-6.0 mm. ; width 3.2-4.0 mm.
New Mexico, Colorado. Utah and Oregon lecontei Muh.
7-Pronotum more strongly and quite densely punctate ; basal band of the elytra strongly developed and entire, the humeral dilatation well marked ; post- median spot composite, consisting of a large, outwardly and anteriorly oblique spot, united behind its anterior limit, with a smaller external, inwardly and ante- riorly oblique spot ; subapical spot transversely oval, with an internal postenor angulation; body smaller. Length 4 7 mm.; width 2.9 mm. Canadian Rocky Mts puncticolUs, sp. nov.
June. 8,9) Casey: On American Coccinellid/E. 79
8 — Pronotum closely punctulate ; basal band of the elytra ecjually broad throuCThout, with a scutellar angulation as in j-signata ; post-median spot broad, slightly oblique and oval, the subapical wholly obsolete; surface of the elytra strongly alutaceous and rugulose ; body small and more depressed. Length 4.5 mm.; width 2.7 mm. Colorado dispar, sp. nov.
Pronotum minutely and sparsely punctulate, more convex and polished ; basal band of the elytra crescentiform, acuminate at the callus, with an anterior scutellar an- gulation ; elytra polished g
9 — -Elytra undulato-rugulose externally and toward apex, without trace of black spots behind the basal band. Length 5. 1 mm.; width 3. i mm. California (Ala- meda) extensa Muis.
Elytra smooth throughout lo
10 — Elytra closely punctate ; post-median feebly oblique line narrow and composed of two slightly confluent transverse spots ; subapical spot of j-signa^a and allies visible as a minute and feeble point. Length 4.75 mm.; width 3. 1 ram. Cali- fornia? subslmilis, sp. nov.
Elytra sparsely punctate, the post-median spot almost transverse, narrow and subentire, the subsutural part not more basal — as it evidently is in su/jsi/jiilis — the sub- apical spot completely obsolete ; surface very highly polished throughout. Length 5.8 mm. ; width 3.6 mm. Wyoming — Mr. Wickham. . . vernix, sp. nov.
II — Pale lateral margin of the pronotum wider anteriorly and posteriorly, the angu- lar extension of the black area strongly marked 12
Pale margin narrower and much less unequal in width from apex to base, the angu- lar extension of the black area more obtuse ; diverging discal pale spots distinct ; elytra each with six black spots nearly as in i^-punctata, the three posterior gen- erally more developed and constant, the lustre faintly alutaceous 16
12 — Subapical spot of the elytra large, constant and conspicuous, the two post-median spots large and obliquely coalescent ; anterior spots always wanting, the scutel- lum alone black; body large and rather broadly oval. Length 5.9-7.0 mm.; width 3.75-4.7 mm. New Jersey and Indiana glacial is Fabr.
Subapical spot of the elytra invariably wanting 13
13 — Elytra very feebly alutaceous, being distinctly microreticulate under sufficient amplifying power 14
Elytra veiy highly polished and rather more distinctly, though not more closely, punc- tate, the punctures rather more impressed, the interspaces devoid of distinct mi- croreticulation 15
14 — Form broadly oval, the elytra wholly devoid of black spots, excepting a small scutellar sutural dash ; pronotum frequently devoid of diverging discal pale spots. Length 5.2-6.6 mm.; width 3.6-4.5 mm. Coast regions of California from San Diego to Sonoma \_piiuctiilata Lee] ambigua Lee.
Form narrowly oval, the elytra generally with a small subsutural transverse spot be- hind the middle which is sometimes joined to another external and more poste- ior, frequently wholly immaculate or with only a small scutellar dash and, rarely, exhibiting very minute post-scutellar points ; scutellum always black ; discal di- verging lines of the pronotum always very fully developed, sometimes coalescing anteriorly with the lateral pale area. Length 4.2-5.0 mm. ; width 2.5-3.5 mm. California (Sonoma Co. ) obiiqua, sp. nov.
80 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Voi. vn.
15 — Form rather short and broadly oval, the prothorax relatively small, with largely developed pale diverging discal spots ; elytra wholly immaculate, the scu'iellum alone dark. Length 4.7 mm.; width 2.8 mm. California (Monterey Co.)-
politissima, sp. nov.
16 — Three posterior spots of each elytron invariably isolated among themselves. Length 4.6-6.4 mm.; width 2.7-4.4 mm. New Jersey to California (Sonoma Co.), Texas (Brownsville) \_obsolefa Cr. ] convergens Gi^er.
Three posterior spots much larger and coalescent ; humeral spot distinct, the two at basal fourth equal and extremely minute, the two post-median very large and slightly coalescent, the subapical also large and joined to the inner — not the outer as usual — of the post-median spots by a short straight vitta parallel to the suture. Length 5.2 mm.; width 3.2 mm. California (Sonoma Co. )..juncta, sp. nov.
17 — Scutellar spot shorter and broad, abruptly terminating at or before basal third. .18
Scutellar spot narrower and elongate 19
18 — Elytra opaque, finely rugose and minutely punctate, each with a black vitta from the callus abruptly ending in a bifurcation at three-fifths from